Eval+Env: Make use of macros for duplicate logic

.clang-format

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine:                  All
 
 AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations:                 Yes
 IndentPPDirectives:                              BeforeHash
+RequiresClausePosition:                          SingleLine
 
 BraceWrapping:
   AfterEnum:                                     false

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -107,3 +107,7 @@ add_dependencies(test5 ${PROJECT})
 add_custom_target(test6
     COMMAND env STEP=step_env MAL_IMPL=js ../vendor/mal/runtest.py --deferrable --optional ../vendor/mal/tests/step6_file.mal -- ./${PROJECT})
 add_dependencies(test6 ${PROJECT})
+
+add_custom_target(test7
+    COMMAND env STEP=step_env MAL_IMPL=js ../vendor/mal/runtest.py --deferrable --optional ../vendor/mal/tests/step7_quote.mal -- ./${PROJECT})
+add_dependencies(test7 ${PROJECT})

src/ast.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
 
 namespace blaze {
 
+Collection::Collection(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes)
+	: m_nodes(nodes)
+{
+}
+
 void Collection::add(ValuePtr node)
 {
 	if (node == nullptr) {
@@ -27,6 +32,20 @@ void Collection::add(ValuePtr node)
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
+List::List(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes)
+	: Collection(nodes)
+{
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+Vector::Vector(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes)
+	: Collection(nodes)
+{
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 void HashMap::add(const std::string& key, ValuePtr value)
 {
 	if (value == nullptr) {
@@ -81,7 +100,7 @@ Function::Function(const std::string& name, FunctionType function)
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
-Lambda::Lambda(std::vector<std::string> bindings, ValuePtr body, EnvironmentPtr env)
+Lambda::Lambda(const std::vector<std::string>& bindings, ValuePtr body, EnvironmentPtr env)
 	: m_bindings(bindings)
 	, m_body(body)
 	, m_env(env)

src/ast.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <concepts>   // std::derived_from, std::same_as
 #include <cstdint>    // int64_t, uint8_t
 #include <functional> // std::function
 #include <list>
@@ -52,18 +53,29 @@ protected:
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
+template<typename T>
+concept IsValue = std::same_as<Value, T> || std::derived_from<T, Value>;
+
 class Collection : public Value {
 public:
 	virtual ~Collection() = default;
 
 	void add(ValuePtr node);
 
-	const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes() const { return m_nodes; }
 	size_t size() const { return m_nodes.size(); }
 	bool empty() const { return m_nodes.size() == 0; }
 
+	const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes() const { return m_nodes; }
+
 protected:
 	Collection() = default;
+	Collection(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes);
+
+	template<IsValue... Ts>
+	Collection(std::shared_ptr<Ts>... nodes)
+	{
+		m_nodes = { nodes... };
+	}
 
 private:
 	virtual bool isCollection() const override { return true; }
@@ -77,6 +89,14 @@ private:
 class List final : public Collection {
 public:
 	List() = default;
+	List(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes);
+
+	template<IsValue... Ts>
+	List(std::shared_ptr<Ts>... nodes)
+		: Collection(nodes...)
+	{
+	}
+
 	virtual ~List() = default;
 
 private:
@@ -89,6 +109,14 @@ private:
 class Vector final : public Collection {
 public:
 	Vector() = default;
+	Vector(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes);
+
+	template<IsValue... Ts>
+	Vector(std::shared_ptr<Ts>... nodes)
+		: Collection(nodes...)
+	{
+	}
+
 	virtual ~Vector() = default;
 
 private:
@@ -236,10 +264,10 @@ private:
 
 class Lambda final : public Callable {
 public:
-	Lambda(std::vector<std::string> bindings, ValuePtr body, EnvironmentPtr env);
+	Lambda(const std::vector<std::string>& bindings, ValuePtr body, EnvironmentPtr env);
 	virtual ~Lambda() = default;
 
-	std::vector<std::string> bindings() const { return m_bindings; }
+	const std::vector<std::string>& bindings() const { return m_bindings; }
 	ValuePtr body() const { return m_body; }
 	EnvironmentPtr env() const { return m_env; }
 

src/eval.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "eval.h"
 #include "forward.h"
 #include "types.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 namespace blaze {
 
@@ -79,6 +80,16 @@ ValuePtr Eval::evalImpl()
 				evalLet(nodes, env);
 				continue; // TCO
 			}
+			if (symbol == "quote") {
+				return evalQuote(nodes);
+			}
+			if (symbol == "quasiquote") {
+				evalQuasiQuote(nodes, env);
+				continue; // TCO
+			}
+			if (symbol == "quasiquoteexpand") {
+				return evalQuasiQuoteExpand(nodes, env);
+			}
 			if (symbol == "do") {
 				evalDo(nodes, env);
 				continue; // TCO
@@ -165,24 +176,17 @@ ValuePtr Eval::evalAst(ValuePtr ast, EnvironmentPtr env)
 	return ast;
 }
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 ValuePtr Eval::evalDef(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 {
-	if (nodes.size() != 2) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: def!, {}", nodes.size()));
-		return nullptr;
-	}
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("def!", nodes.size(), 2);
 
-	auto first_argument = *nodes.begin();
-	auto second_argument = *std::next(nodes.begin());
+	// First argument needs to be a Symbol
+	VALUE_CAST(symbol, Symbol, nodes.front());
 
-	// First element needs to be a Symbol
-	if (!is<Symbol>(first_argument.get())) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: symbol, {}", first_argument));
-		return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	std::string symbol = std::static_pointer_cast<Symbol>(first_argument)->symbol();
-	m_ast_stack.push(second_argument);
+	// Eval second argument
+	m_ast_stack.push(*std::next(nodes.begin()));
 	m_env_stack.push(env);
 	ValuePtr value = evalImpl();
 
@@ -192,48 +196,136 @@ ValuePtr Eval::evalDef(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 	}
 
 	// Modify existing environment
-	return env->set(symbol, value);
+	return env->set(symbol->symbol(), value);
 }
 
+ValuePtr Eval::evalQuote(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes)
+{
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("quote", nodes.size(), 1);
+
+	return nodes.front();
+}
+
+static bool isSymbol(ValuePtr value, const std::string& symbol)
+{
+	if (!is<Symbol>(value.get())) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto valueSymbol = std::static_pointer_cast<Symbol>(value)->symbol();
+
+	if (valueSymbol != symbol) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static ValuePtr startsWith(ValuePtr ast, const std::string& symbol)
+{
+	if (!is<List>(ast.get())) {
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	auto nodes = std::static_pointer_cast<List>(ast)->nodes();
+
+	if (nodes.empty() || !isSymbol(nodes.front(), symbol)) {
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	// Dont count the Symbol as part of the arguments
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS(symbol, nodes.size() - 1, 1);
+
+	return *std::next(nodes.begin());
+}
+
+static ValuePtr evalQuasiQuoteImpl(ValuePtr ast)
+{
+	if (is<HashMap>(ast.get()) || is<Symbol>(ast.get())) {
+		return makePtr<List>(makePtr<Symbol>("quote"), ast);
+	}
+
+	if (!is<Collection>(ast.get())) {
+		return ast;
+	}
+
+	// `~2 or `(unquote 2)
+	const auto unquote = startsWith(ast, "unquote"); // x
+	if (unquote) {
+		return unquote;
+	}
+
+	// `~@(list 2 2 2) or `(splice-unquote (list 2 2 2))
+	const auto splice_unquote = startsWith(ast, "splice-unquote"); // (list 2 2 2)
+	if (splice_unquote) {
+		return splice_unquote;
+	}
+
+	ValuePtr result = makePtr<List>();
+
+	auto nodes = std::static_pointer_cast<Collection>(ast)->nodes();
+
+	// `() or `(1 ~2 3) or `(1 ~@(list 2 2 2) 3)
+	for (auto it = nodes.rbegin(); it != nodes.rend(); ++it) {
+		const auto elt = *it;
+
+		const auto splice_unquote = startsWith(elt, "splice-unquote"); // (list 2 2 2)
+		if (splice_unquote) {
+			// (cons 1 (concat (list 2 2 2) (cons 3 ())))
+			result = makePtr<List>(makePtr<Symbol>("concat"), splice_unquote, result);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// (cons 1 (cons 2 (cons 3 ())))
+		result = makePtr<List>(makePtr<Symbol>("cons"), evalQuasiQuoteImpl(elt), result);
+	}
+
+	if (is<List>(ast.get())) {
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	// Wrap result in (vec) for Vector types
+	return makePtr<List>(makePtr<Symbol>("vec"), result);
+}
+
+void Eval::evalQuasiQuote(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
+{
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("quasiquote", nodes.size(), 1, void());
+
+	auto result = evalQuasiQuoteImpl(nodes.front());
+
+	m_ast_stack.push(result);
+	m_env_stack.push(env);
+	return; // TCO
+}
+
+ValuePtr Eval::evalQuasiQuoteExpand(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
+{
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("quasiquoteexpand", nodes.size(), 1);
+
+	return evalQuasiQuoteImpl(nodes.front());
+}
+
+// (let* (x 1) x)
 void Eval::evalLet(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 {
-	if (nodes.size() != 2) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: let*, {}", nodes.size()));
-		return;
-	}
-
-	auto first_argument = *nodes.begin();
-	auto second_argument = *std::next(nodes.begin());
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("let*", nodes.size(), 2, void());
 
 	// First argument needs to be a List or Vector
-	if (!is<Collection>(first_argument.get())) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: collection, '{}'", first_argument));
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Get the nodes out of the List or Vector
-	std::list<ValuePtr> binding_nodes;
-	auto bindings = std::static_pointer_cast<Collection>(first_argument);
-	binding_nodes = bindings->nodes();
+	VALUE_CAST(bindings, Collection, nodes.front(), void());
+	auto binding_nodes = bindings->nodes();
 
 	// List or Vector needs to have an even number of elements
-	size_t count = binding_nodes.size();
-	if (count % 2 != 0) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", "let* bindings", count));
-		return;
-	}
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN("bindings", binding_nodes.size(), void());
 
 	// Create new environment
 	auto let_env = Environment::create(env);
 
 	for (auto it = binding_nodes.begin(); it != binding_nodes.end(); std::advance(it, 2)) {
 		// First element needs to be a Symbol
-		if (!is<Symbol>(*it->get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: symbol, '{}'", *it));
-			return;
-		}
+		VALUE_CAST(elt, Symbol, (*it), void());
 
-		std::string key = std::static_pointer_cast<Symbol>(*it)->symbol();
+		std::string key = elt->symbol();
 		m_ast_stack.push(*std::next(it));
 		m_env_stack.push(let_env);
 		ValuePtr value = evalImpl();
@@ -241,18 +333,15 @@ void Eval::evalLet(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: Remove limitation of 3 arguments
-	// Eval all values in this new env, return last sexp of the result
-	m_ast_stack.push(second_argument);
+	// Eval all arguments in this new env, return last sexp of the result
+	m_ast_stack.push(*std::next(nodes.begin()));
 	m_env_stack.push(let_env);
 	return; // TCO
 }
 
 void Eval::evalDo(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 {
-	if (nodes.size() == 0) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: do, {}", nodes.size()));
-		return;
-	}
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST("do", nodes.size(), 1, void());
 
 	// Evaluate all nodes except the last
 	for (auto it = nodes.begin(); it != std::prev(nodes.end(), 1); ++it) {
@@ -269,10 +358,7 @@ void Eval::evalDo(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 
 void Eval::evalIf(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 {
-	if (nodes.size() != 2 && nodes.size() != 3) {
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: if, {}", nodes.size()));
-		return;
-	}
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN("if", nodes.size(), 2, 3, void());
 
 	auto first_argument = *nodes.begin();
 	auto second_argument = *std::next(nodes.begin());
@@ -293,42 +379,28 @@ void Eval::evalIf(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 	return; // TCO
 }
 
-#define ARG_COUNT_CHECK(name, comparison, size)                                    \
-	if (comparison) {                                                              \
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", name, size)); \
-		return nullptr;                                                            \
-	}
-
-#define AST_CHECK(type, value)                                                 \
-	if (!is<type>(value.get())) {                                              \
-		Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: {}, {}", #type, value)); \
-		return nullptr;                                                        \
-	}
-
-#define AST_CAST(type, value, variable) \
-	AST_CHECK(type, value)              \
-	auto variable = std::static_pointer_cast<type>(value);
-
+// (fn* (x) x)
 ValuePtr Eval::evalFn(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env)
 {
-	ARG_COUNT_CHECK("fn*", nodes.size() != 2, nodes.size());
-
-	auto first_argument = *nodes.begin();
-	auto second_argument = *std::next(nodes.begin());
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("fn*", nodes.size(), 2);
 
 	// First element needs to be a List or Vector
-	AST_CAST(Collection, first_argument, collection);
+	VALUE_CAST(collection, Collection, nodes.front());
 
 	std::vector<std::string> bindings;
 	for (auto node : collection->nodes()) {
 		// All nodes need to be a Symbol
-		AST_CAST(Symbol, node, symbol);
+		VALUE_CAST(symbol, Symbol, node);
 		bindings.push_back(symbol->symbol());
 	}
 
-	return makePtr<Lambda>(bindings, second_argument, env);
+	// TODO: Remove limitation of 3 arguments
+	// Wrap all other nodes in list and add that as lambda body
+	return makePtr<Lambda>(bindings, *std::next(nodes.begin()), env);
 }
 
+//-----------------------------------------
+
 ValuePtr Eval::apply(std::shared_ptr<List> evaluated_list)
 {
 	if (evaluated_list == nullptr) {

src/eval.h

@@ -28,11 +28,16 @@ public:
 private:
 	ValuePtr evalImpl();
 	ValuePtr evalAst(ValuePtr ast, EnvironmentPtr env);
+
 	ValuePtr evalDef(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
 	void evalLet(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
+	ValuePtr evalQuote(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes);
+	void evalQuasiQuote(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
+	ValuePtr evalQuasiQuoteExpand(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
 	void evalDo(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
 	void evalIf(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
 	ValuePtr evalFn(const std::list<ValuePtr>& nodes, EnvironmentPtr env);
+
 	ValuePtr apply(std::shared_ptr<List> evaluated_list);
 
 	ValuePtr m_ast;

src/functions.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #define ADD_FUNCTION_IMPL(unique, symbol, lambda)            \
 	struct FUNCTION_STRUCT_NAME(unique) {                    \
 		FUNCTION_STRUCT_NAME(unique)                         \
-		(std::string __symbol, FunctionType __lambda) \
+		(const std::string& __symbol, FunctionType __lambda) \
 		{                                                    \
 			s_functions.emplace(__symbol, __lambda);         \
 		}                                                    \
@@ -49,12 +49,8 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 		int64_t result = 0;
 
 		for (auto node : nodes) {
-			if (!is<Number>(node.get())) {
-				Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: number, '{}'", node));
-				return nullptr;
-			}
-
-			result += std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(node)->number();
+			VALUE_CAST(number, Number, node);
+			result += number->number();
 		}
 
 		return makePtr<Number>(result);
@@ -67,19 +63,14 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 			return makePtr<Number>(0);
 		}
 
-		for (auto node : nodes) {
-			if (!is<Number>(node.get())) {
-				Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: number, '{}'", node));
-				return nullptr;
-			}
-		}
-
 		// Start with the first number
-		int64_t result = std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(nodes.front())->number();
+		VALUE_CAST(number, Number, nodes.front());
+		int64_t result = number->number();
 
 		// Skip the first node
 		for (auto it = std::next(nodes.begin()); it != nodes.end(); ++it) {
-			result -= std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(*it)->number();
+			VALUE_CAST(number, Number, (*it));
+			result -= number->number();
 		}
 
 		return makePtr<Number>(result);
@@ -91,12 +82,8 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 		int64_t result = 1;
 
 		for (auto node : nodes) {
-			if (!is<Number>(node.get())) {
-				Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: number, '{}'", node));
-				return nullptr;
-			}
-
-			result *= std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(node)->number();
+			VALUE_CAST(number, Number, node);
+			result *= number->number();
 		}
 
 		return makePtr<Number>(result);
@@ -105,24 +92,16 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"/",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() == 0) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: /, 0"));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		for (auto node : nodes) {
-			if (!is<Number>(node.get())) {
-				Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: number, '{}'", node));
-				return nullptr;
-			}
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST("/", nodes.size(), 1);
 
 		// Start with the first number
-		double result = std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(nodes.front())->number();
+		VALUE_CAST(number, Number, nodes.front());
+		double result = number->number();
 
 		// Skip the first node
 		for (auto it = std::next(nodes.begin()); it != nodes.end(); ++it) {
-			result /= std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(*it)->number();
+			VALUE_CAST(number, Number, (*it));
+			result /= number->number();
 		}
 
 		return makePtr<Number>((int64_t)result);
@@ -134,24 +113,16 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 	{                                                                          \
 		bool result = true;                                                    \
                                                                                \
-		if (nodes.size() < 2) {                                                                     \
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", #operator, nodes.size())); \
-			return nullptr;                                                                         \
-		}                                                                                           \
-                                                                                                    \
-		for (auto node : nodes) {                                                                   \
-			if (!is<Number>(node.get())) {                                                          \
-				Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: number, '{}'", node));                \
-				return nullptr;                                                                     \
-			}                                                                                       \
-		}                                                                                           \
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST(#operator, nodes.size(), 2);                  \
                                                                                \
 		/* Start with the first number */                                      \
-		int64_t number = std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(nodes.front())->number();                 \
+		VALUE_CAST(number_node, Number, nodes.front());                        \
+		int64_t number = number_node->number();                                \
                                                                                \
 		/* Skip the first node */                                              \
 		for (auto it = std::next(nodes.begin()); it != nodes.end(); ++it) {    \
-			int64_t current_number = std::static_pointer_cast<Number>(*it)->number();               \
+			VALUE_CAST(current_number_node, Number, (*it));                    \
+			int64_t current_number = current_number_node->number();            \
 			if (!(number operator current_number)) {                           \
 				result = false;                                                \
 				break;                                                         \
@@ -172,13 +143,7 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(">=", NUMBER_COMPARE(>=));
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"list",
 	{
-		auto list = makePtr<List>();
-
-		for (auto node : nodes) {
-			list->add(node);
-		}
-
-		return list;
+		return makePtr<List>(nodes);
 	});
 
 ADD_FUNCTION(
@@ -206,12 +171,8 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 		bool result = true;
 
 		for (auto node : nodes) {
-			if (!is<Collection>(node.get())) {
-				Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: collection, '{}'", node));
-				return nullptr;
-			}
-
-			if (!std::static_pointer_cast<Collection>(node)->empty()) {
+			VALUE_CAST(collection, Collection, node);
+			if (!collection->empty()) {
 				result = false;
 				break;
 			}
@@ -220,13 +181,11 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 		return makePtr<Constant>((result) ? Constant::True : Constant::False);
 	});
 
+// FIXME: (count {1}) infinite loop
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"count",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 1) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: count, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("count", nodes.size(), 1);
 
 		auto first_argument = nodes.front();
 
@@ -290,10 +249,7 @@ ADD_FUNCTION("println", PRINTER_PRINT(false));
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"=",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() < 2) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: =, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST("=", nodes.size(), 2);
 
 		std::function<bool(ValuePtr, ValuePtr)> equal =
 			[&equal](ValuePtr lhs, ValuePtr rhs) -> bool {
@@ -375,17 +331,10 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"read-string",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 1) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: read-string, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("read-string", nodes.size(), 1);
 
-		if (!is<String>(nodes.front().get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: string, '{}'", nodes.front()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		std::string input = std::static_pointer_cast<String>(nodes.front())->data();
+		VALUE_CAST(node, String, nodes.front());
+		std::string input = node->data();
 
 		return read(input);
 	});
@@ -393,17 +342,10 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"slurp",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 1) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: slurp, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("slurp", nodes.size(), 1);
 
-		if (!is<String>(nodes.front().get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: string, '{}'", nodes.front()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		std::string path = std::static_pointer_cast<String>(nodes.front())->data();
+		VALUE_CAST(node, String, nodes.front());
+		std::string path = node->data();
 
 		auto file = ruc::File(path);
 
@@ -413,10 +355,7 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"eval",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 1) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: eval, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("eval", nodes.size(), 1);
 
 		return eval(nodes.front(), nullptr);
 	});
@@ -425,10 +364,7 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"atom",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 1) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: atom, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("atom", nodes.size(), 1);
 
 		return makePtr<Atom>(nodes.front());
 	});
@@ -457,34 +393,20 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"deref",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 1) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: deref, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("deref", nodes.size(), 1);
 
-		if (!is<Atom>(nodes.front().get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: atom, '{}'", nodes.front()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		VALUE_CAST(atom, Atom, nodes.front());
 
-		return std::static_pointer_cast<Atom>(nodes.front())->deref();
+		return atom->deref();
 	});
 
 // (reset! myatom 2)
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"reset!",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() != 2) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: reset!, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("reset!", nodes.size(), 2);
 
-		if (!is<Atom>(nodes.front().get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: atom, '{}'", nodes.front()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		auto atom = std::static_pointer_cast<Atom>(*nodes.begin());
+		VALUE_CAST(atom, Atom, nodes.front());
 		auto value = *std::next(nodes.begin());
 
 		atom->reset(value);
@@ -496,25 +418,12 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 ADD_FUNCTION(
 	"swap!",
 	{
-		if (nodes.size() < 2) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: reset!, {}", nodes.size()));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST("swap!", nodes.size(), 2);
+
+		VALUE_CAST(atom, Atom, nodes.front());
 
-		auto first_argument = *nodes.begin();
 		auto second_argument = *std::next(nodes.begin());
-
-		if (!is<Atom>(first_argument.get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: atom, '{}'", first_argument));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		if (!is<Callable>(second_argument.get())) {
-			Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: function, '{}'", second_argument));
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		auto atom = std::static_pointer_cast<Atom>(first_argument);
+		IS_VALUE(Callable, second_argument);
 
 		// Remove atom and function from the argument list, add atom value
 		nodes.pop_front();
@@ -534,6 +443,46 @@ ADD_FUNCTION(
 		return atom->reset(value);
 	});
 
+// (cons 1 (list 2 3))
+ADD_FUNCTION(
+	"cons",
+	{
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("cons", nodes.size(), 2);
+
+		VALUE_CAST(collection, Collection, (*std::next(nodes.begin())));
+
+		auto result_nodes = collection->nodes();
+		result_nodes.push_front(nodes.front());
+
+		return makePtr<List>(result_nodes);
+	});
+
+// (concat (list 1) (list 2 3))
+ADD_FUNCTION(
+	"concat",
+	{
+		std::list<ValuePtr> result_nodes;
+
+		for (auto node : nodes) {
+			VALUE_CAST(collection, Collection, node);
+			auto argument_nodes = collection->nodes();
+			result_nodes.splice(result_nodes.end(), argument_nodes);
+		}
+
+		return makePtr<List>(result_nodes);
+	});
+
+// (vec (list 1 2 3))
+ADD_FUNCTION(
+	"vec",
+	{
+		CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS("vec", nodes.size(), 1);
+
+		VALUE_CAST(collection, Collection, nodes.front());
+
+		return makePtr<Vector>(collection->nodes());
+	});
+
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 void installFunctions(EnvironmentPtr env)

src/reader.cpp

@@ -180,13 +180,12 @@ ValuePtr Reader::readHashMap()
 	auto hash_map = makePtr<HashMap>();
 	while (!isEOF() && peek().type != Token::Type::BraceClose) {
 		auto key = readImpl();
-		auto value = readImpl();
 
-		if (key == nullptr && value == nullptr) {
+		if (key == nullptr || isEOF()) {
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (key == nullptr || value == nullptr) {
+		if (peek().type == Token::Type::BraceClose) {
 			Error::the().add("hash-map requires an even-sized list");
 			return nullptr;
 		}
@@ -196,12 +195,15 @@ ValuePtr Reader::readHashMap()
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 
+		auto value = readImpl();
+
 		std::string keyString = is<String>(key.get()) ? std::static_pointer_cast<String>(key)->data() : std::static_pointer_cast<Keyword>(key)->keyword();
 		hash_map->add(keyString, value);
 	}
 
 	if (!consumeSpecific(Token { .type = Token::Type::BraceClose })) { // }
 		Error::the().add("expected '}', got EOF");
+		return nullptr;
 	}
 
 	return hash_map;

src/step6_file.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include "readline.h"
 #include "settings.h"
 
-#if 1
+#if 0
 namespace blaze {
 
 static EnvironmentPtr s_outer_env = Environment::create();

src/step7_quote.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <csignal> // std::signal
+#include <cstdlib> // std::exit
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "ruc/argparser.h"
+#include "ruc/format/color.h"
+
+#include "ast.h"
+#include "environment.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "eval.h"
+#include "forward.h"
+#include "lexer.h"
+#include "printer.h"
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "readline.h"
+#include "settings.h"
+
+#if 1
+namespace blaze {
+
+static EnvironmentPtr s_outer_env = Environment::create();
+
+static auto cleanup(int signal) -> void
+{
+	print("\033[0m\n");
+	std::exit(signal);
+}
+
+auto read(std::string_view input) -> ValuePtr
+{
+	Lexer lexer(input);
+	lexer.tokenize();
+	if (Settings::the().get("dump-lexer") == "1") {
+		lexer.dump();
+	}
+
+	Reader reader(std::move(lexer.tokens()));
+	reader.read();
+	if (Settings::the().get("dump-reader") == "1") {
+		reader.dump();
+	}
+
+	return reader.node();
+}
+
+auto eval(ValuePtr ast, EnvironmentPtr env) -> ValuePtr
+{
+	if (env == nullptr) {
+		env = s_outer_env;
+	}
+
+	Eval eval(ast, env);
+	eval.eval();
+
+	return eval.ast();
+}
+
+static auto print(ValuePtr exp) -> std::string
+{
+	Printer printer;
+
+	return printer.print(exp, true);
+}
+
+static auto rep(std::string_view input, EnvironmentPtr env) -> std::string
+{
+	Error::the().clearErrors();
+	Error::the().setInput(input);
+
+	return print(eval(read(input), env));
+}
+
+static std::string_view lambdaTable[] = {
+	"(def! not (fn* (cond) (if cond false true)))",
+	"(def! load-file (fn* (filename) \
+	    (eval (read-string (str \"(do \" (slurp filename) \"\nnil)\")))))",
+};
+
+static auto installLambdas(EnvironmentPtr env) -> void
+{
+	for (auto function : lambdaTable) {
+		rep(function, env);
+	}
+}
+
+static auto makeArgv(EnvironmentPtr env, std::vector<std::string> arguments) -> void
+{
+	auto list = makePtr<List>();
+	if (arguments.size() > 1) {
+		for (auto it = arguments.begin() + 1; it != arguments.end(); ++it) {
+			list->add(makePtr<String>(*it));
+		}
+	}
+	env->set("*ARGV*", list);
+}
+
+} // namespace blaze
+
+auto main(int argc, char* argv[]) -> int
+{
+	bool dump_lexer = false;
+	bool dump_reader = false;
+	bool pretty_print = false;
+	std::string_view history_path = "~/.blaze-history";
+	std::vector<std::string> arguments;
+
+	// CLI arguments
+	ruc::ArgParser arg_parser;
+	arg_parser.addOption(dump_lexer, 'l', "dump-lexer", nullptr, nullptr);
+	arg_parser.addOption(dump_reader, 'r', "dump-reader", nullptr, nullptr);
+	arg_parser.addOption(pretty_print, 'c', "color", nullptr, nullptr);
+	arg_parser.addOption(history_path, 'h', "history-path", nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, ruc::ArgParser::Required::Yes);
+	// TODO: Add overload for addArgument(std::vector<std::string_view>)
+	arg_parser.addArgument(arguments, "arguments", nullptr, nullptr, ruc::ArgParser::Required::No);
+	arg_parser.parse(argc, argv);
+
+	// Set settings
+	blaze::Settings::the().set("dump-lexer", dump_lexer ? "1" : "0");
+	blaze::Settings::the().set("dump-reader", dump_reader ? "1" : "0");
+	blaze::Settings::the().set("pretty-print", pretty_print ? "1" : "0");
+
+	// Signal callbacks
+	std::signal(SIGINT, blaze::cleanup);
+	std::signal(SIGTERM, blaze::cleanup);
+
+	installFunctions(blaze::s_outer_env);
+	installLambdas(blaze::s_outer_env);
+	makeArgv(blaze::s_outer_env, arguments);
+
+	if (arguments.size() > 0) {
+		rep(format("(load-file \"{}\")", arguments.front()), blaze::s_outer_env);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	blaze::Readline readline(pretty_print, history_path);
+
+	std::string input;
+	while (readline.get(input)) {
+		if (pretty_print) {
+			print("\033[0m");
+		}
+		print("{}\n", rep(input, blaze::s_outer_env));
+	}
+
+	if (pretty_print) {
+		print("\033[0m");
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif

src/util.h

@@ -6,9 +6,137 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory> // std::static_pointer_cast
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+// TODO: Move these ruc/test/macro.h -> ruc/src/meta/macro.h
+#define GET_2TH_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg2
+#define GET_3TH_ARG(arg1, arg2, arg3, ...) arg3
+#define GET_4TH_ARG(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, ...) arg4
+#define GET_5TH_ARG(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, ...) arg5
+#define GET_6TH_ARG(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, ...) arg6
+#define MACRO_CHOOSER_1(macro, ...) \
+	GET_2TH_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, macro##_1, )
+#define MACRO_CHOOSER_2(macro, ...) \
+	GET_3TH_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, macro##_2, macro##_1, )
+#define MACRO_CHOOSER_3(macro, ...) \
+	GET_4TH_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, macro##_3, macro##_2, macro##_1, )
+#define MACRO_CHOOSER_4(macro, ...) \
+	GET_5TH_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, macro##_4, macro##_3, macro##_2, macro##_1, )
+#define MACRO_CHOOSER_5(macro, ...) \
+	GET_6TH_ARG(__VA_ARGS__, macro##_5, macro##_4, macro##_3, macro##_2, macro##_1, )
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS_IMPL(name, size, expected, result)                      \
+	if (size != expected) {                                                        \
+		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", name, size)); \
+		return result;                                                             \
+	}
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS_3(name, size, expected) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS_IMPL(name, size, expected, nullptr)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS_4(name, size, expected, result) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS_IMPL(name, size, expected, result)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS(...)                      \
+	MACRO_CHOOSER_4(CHECK_ARG_COUNT_IS, __VA_ARGS__) \
+	(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST_IMPL(name, size, min, result)                     \
+	if (size < min) {                                                              \
+		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", name, size)); \
+		return result;                                                             \
+	}
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST_3(name, size, min) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST_IMPL(name, size, min, nullptr)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST_4(name, size, min, result) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST_IMPL(name, size, min, result)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST(...)                      \
+	MACRO_CHOOSER_4(CHECK_ARG_COUNT_AT_LEAST, __VA_ARGS__) \
+	(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN_IMPL(name, size, min, max, result)                 \
+	if (size < min || size > max) {                                                \
+		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", name, size)); \
+		return result;                                                             \
+	}
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN_4(name, size, min, max) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN_IMPL(name, size, min, max, nullptr)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN_5(name, size, min, max, result) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN_IMPL(name, size, min, max, result)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN(...)                      \
+	MACRO_CHOOSER_5(CHECK_ARG_COUNT_BETWEEN, __VA_ARGS__) \
+	(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN_IMPL(name, size, result)                              \
+	if (size % 2 != 0) {                                                           \
+		Error::the().add(format("wrong number of arguments: {}, {}", name, size)); \
+		return result;                                                             \
+	}
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN_2(name, size) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN_IMPL(name, size, nullptr)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN_3(name, size, result) \
+	CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN_IMPL(name, size, result)
+
+#define CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN(...)                      \
+	MACRO_CHOOSER_3(CHECK_ARG_COUNT_EVEN, __VA_ARGS__) \
+	(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+#define IS_VALUE_IMPL(type, value, result)                                     \
+	if (!is<type>(value.get())) {                                              \
+		Error::the().add(format("wrong argument type: {}, {}", #type, value)); \
+		return result;                                                         \
+	}
+
+#define IS_VALUE_2(type, value) \
+	IS_VALUE_IMPL(type, value, nullptr)
+
+#define IS_VALUE_3(type, value, result) \
+	IS_VALUE_IMPL(type, value, result)
+
+#define IS_VALUE(...)                      \
+	MACRO_CHOOSER_3(IS_VALUE, __VA_ARGS__) \
+	(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+#define VALUE_CAST_IMPL(variable, type, value, result) \
+	IS_VALUE(type, value, result);                     \
+	auto variable = std::static_pointer_cast<type>(value);
+
+#define VALUE_CAST_3(variable, type, value) \
+	VALUE_CAST_IMPL(variable, type, value, nullptr)
+
+#define VALUE_CAST_4(variable, type, value, result) \
+	VALUE_CAST_IMPL(variable, type, value, result)
+
+#define VALUE_CAST(...)                      \
+	MACRO_CHOOSER_4(VALUE_CAST, __VA_ARGS__) \
+	(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 namespace blaze {
 
 template<typename It, typename C>