Everywhere: Work towards lighting support

assets/glsl/batch-3d.frag

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 #version 450 core
 
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 albedoSpec; // RGB diffuse color
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 position;
+layout(location = 2) out vec4 normal;
 
+in vec3 v_position;
 in vec3 v_normal;
 in vec4 v_color;
 in vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
@@ -46,5 +49,9 @@ void main()
 		case 30: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[30], v_textureCoordinates); break;
 		case 31: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[31], v_textureCoordinates); break;
 	}
-    color = textureColor;
+
+	albedoSpec.rgb = textureColor.rgb;
+	albedoSpec.a = 1.0; // TODO: read specular from model material
+	position = vec4(v_position, 1.0f);
+	normal = vec4(normalize(v_normal), 1.0f);
 }

assets/glsl/batch-3d.vert

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ layout(location = 2) in vec4 a_color;
 layout(location = 3) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
 layout(location = 4) in uint a_textureIndex;
 
+out vec3 v_position;
 out vec3 v_normal;
 out vec4 v_color;
 out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
@@ -14,10 +15,12 @@ out flat uint v_textureIndex;
 layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera
 {
 	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
 };
 
 void main()
 {
+	v_position = a_position;
 	v_normal = a_normal;
 	v_color = a_color;
 	v_textureCoordinates = a_textureCoordinates;

assets/glsl/batch-cubemap.vert

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ out vec4 v_color;
 out vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
 out flat uint v_textureIndex;
 
-uniform mat4 u_projectionView;
+uniform mat4 u_projectionView2;
 
 void main()
 {
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ void main()
 	v_textureCoordinates = a_position;
 	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
 	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
-	gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+	gl_Position = u_projectionView2 * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
 }

assets/glsl/lightsource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform samplerCube u_textures[32];
+
+void main()
+{
+	color = v_color;
+}

assets/glsl/lightsource.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 2) in uint a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera
+{
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_position;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/post-process.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform sampler2D u_textures[32];
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera {
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+struct DirectionalLight {
+	vec3 direction;
+
+	vec3 ambient;
+	vec3 diffuse;
+	vec3 specular;
+};
+
+const int MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS = 32;
+layout(std140, binding = 1) uniform DirectionalLights {
+	DirectionalLight u_directionalLight[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS];
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void main()
+{
+	float isObject = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 1], v_textureCoordinates).a;
+	if (isObject == 0.0f) {
+		color = vec4(0,0,0,0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	vec3 albedo    = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 0], v_textureCoordinates).rgb;
+	float specular = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 0], v_textureCoordinates).a;
+	vec3 position  = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 1], v_textureCoordinates).rgb;
+	vec3 normal    = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 2], v_textureCoordinates).rgb;
+
+
+	vec3 lighting = vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);//albedo * v_color.xyz;
+	vec3 viewDirection = normalize(u_position - position);
+
+	// Loop through all directional lights
+	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS; ++i) {
+		// Diffuse
+		vec3 lightDirection = normalize(-u_directionalLight[i].direction);
+		float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0.0f);
+
+		// Specular
+		vec3 reflectionDirection = reflect(-lightDirection, normal);
+		float specular = pow(max(dot(viewDirection, reflectionDirection), 0.0f), 32);
+
+		lighting +=
+			(albedo * u_directionalLight[i].ambient) +
+			(albedo * diffuse * u_directionalLight[i].diffuse) +
+			(specular * u_directionalLight[i].specular);
+	}
+
+	// Loop through all point lights
+		// TODO
+		// vec3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPosition - position);
+		// float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0.0f);
+		// lighting += diffuse * albedo * u_lightColor;
+
+	// Loop through all spot lights
+		// TODO
+
+	color = vec4(lighting, 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/post-process.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
+layout(location = 3) in uint a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera
+{
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_textureCoordinates;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

src/inferno/application.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "inferno/render/context.h"
 #include "inferno/render/framebuffer.h"
 #include "inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h"
+#include "inferno/system/rendersystem.h"
 // #include "inferno/render/gltf.h"
 #include "inferno/asset/shader.h"
 #include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
@@ -53,27 +54,7 @@ Application::Application()
 
 	Input::initialize();
 	RenderCommand::initialize();
-
-	m_framebuffer = Framebuffer::create({
-		.attachments = { Framebuffer::Type::Color, Framebuffer::Type::Depth },
-		.width = m_window->getWidth(),
-		.height = m_window->getHeight(),
-		.clearColor = { 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f },
-		.clearBit = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT,
-	});
-
-	m_screenFramebuffer = Framebuffer::create({
-		.renderToScreen = true,
-		.clearColor = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
-		.clearBit = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT,
-	});
-
-	Uniformbuffer::the().setLayout(
-		"Camera", 0,
-		{
-			{ BufferElementType::Mat4, "u_projectionView" },
-		});
-	Uniformbuffer::the().create("Camera");
+	RenderSystem::the().initialize(m_window->getWidth(), m_window->getHeight());
 
 	m_scene = std::make_shared<Scene>();
 	m_scene->initialize();
@@ -104,6 +85,8 @@ Application::~Application()
 	Renderer2D::destroy();
 	Renderer3D::destroy();
 	RendererCubemap::destroy();
+	RendererPostProcess::destroy();
+	RendererLightCube::destroy();
 	RenderCommand::destroy();
 	AssetManager::destroy();
 	// Input::destroy();
@@ -167,10 +150,6 @@ int Application::run()
 	// offset
 #endif
 
-	constexpr glm::vec4 vectorOne { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
-	constexpr glm::mat4 matIdentity { 1.0f };
-	constexpr TransformComponent transformIdentity;
-
 	double gametime = 0;
 	uint64_t frames = 0;
 
@@ -196,33 +175,7 @@ int Application::run()
 		// ---------------------------------
 		// Render
 
-		m_framebuffer->bind();
-
-		RenderCommand::clearColor(m_framebuffer->clearColor());
-		RenderCommand::clearBit(m_framebuffer->clearBit());
-
-		render();
-
 		m_scene->render();
-		// RendererCharacter::the().drawCharacter(character, f->texture());
-
-		m_framebuffer->unbind();
-
-		// ---------------------------------
-		// Framebuffer
-
-		m_screenFramebuffer->bind();
-
-		RenderCommand::clearColor(m_screenFramebuffer->clearColor());
-		RenderCommand::clearBit(m_screenFramebuffer->clearBit());
-
-		Renderer2D::the().setEnableDepthBuffer(false);
-		Uniformbuffer::the().setValue("Camera", "u_projectionView", matIdentity);
-		Renderer2D::the().drawQuad(transformIdentity, vectorOne, m_framebuffer->texture(0));
-		Renderer2D::the().endScene();
-		Renderer2D::the().setEnableDepthBuffer(true);
-
-		m_screenFramebuffer->unbind();
 
 		m_window->render();
 	}
@@ -259,8 +212,7 @@ bool Application::onWindowResize(WindowResizeEvent& e)
 {
 	ruc::info("WindowResizeEvent {}x{}", e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
 
-	RenderCommand::setViewport(0, 0, e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
-	m_framebuffer->resize(e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
+	RenderSystem::the().resize(e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
 
 	return true;
 }

src/inferno/application.h

@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ private:
 	float m_lastFrameTime { 0.0f };
 
 	std::unique_ptr<Window> m_window;
-	std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> m_framebuffer;
-	std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> m_screenFramebuffer;
 	std::shared_ptr<Scene> m_scene;
 
 	//

src/inferno/component/cubemap-component.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CubemapComponent& value)
 	if (json.exists("texture") && json.at("texture").type() == ruc::Json::Type::String) {
 		value.texture = AssetManager::the().load<TextureCubemap>(json.at("texture").asString());
 	}
+	if (json.exists("isLight")) {
+		json.at("isLight").getTo(value.isLight);
+	}
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/cubemap-component.h

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace Inferno {
 struct CubemapComponent {
 	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
 	std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture;
+	bool isLight { false };
 };
 
 void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CubemapComponent& value);

src/inferno/render/buffer.h

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint8_t, uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
 #include <string>
-#include <utility> // std::pair
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace Inferno {

src/inferno/render/framebuffer.cpp

@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ Framebuffer::~Framebuffer()
 	glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &m_id);
 }
 
+void Framebuffer::copyBuffer(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> from, std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> to, uint32_t bits, uint32_t filter)
+{
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, from->m_id);
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); // write to default framebuffer
+	glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, from->m_width, from->m_height, 0, 0, to->m_width, to->m_height, bits, filter);
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+}
+
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 void Framebuffer::bind() const
@@ -86,22 +94,47 @@ void Framebuffer::createTextures()
 	bind();
 
 	auto it = m_attachments.begin();
-	uint8_t color_attachment = 0;
+	m_colorAttachmentCount = 0;
 
 	size_t size = m_attachments.size();
 	m_textures.resize(size);
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
 		TypeProperties type = *(it + i);
 
-		if (type.type == Type::Color) {
+		if (type.type == Type::RGB8) {
 			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
-			m_textures[i] = (TextureFramebuffer::create(
-				"", m_width, m_height, GL_RGB, GL_RGB));
-			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + color_attachment, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGB8, GL_RGB);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGBA8) { // Color
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGBA8, GL_RGBA);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGBA16F) {
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGBA16F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGBA32F) {
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGBA32F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
 		}
 
 		// This combined texture is required for older GPUs
-		if (type.type == Type::Depth24Stencil8) {
+		if (type.type == Type::Depth24Stencil8) { // Depth
 			m_textures[i] = (TextureFramebuffer::create(
 				"", m_width, m_height, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8));
 			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
@@ -117,7 +150,7 @@ void Framebuffer::createTextures()
 		}
 	}
 
-	VERIFY(color_attachment <= 32, "maximum color attachments was exceeded: {}/32", color_attachment);
+	VERIFY(m_colorAttachmentCount <= 32, "maximum color attachments was exceeded: {}/32", m_colorAttachmentCount);
 	check();
 
 	unbind();

src/inferno/render/framebuffer.h

@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ public:
 		None = 0,
 
 		// Color
-		RGBA8 = 1,
+		RGB8 = 1,
+		RGBA8 = 2,
+		RGBA16F = 3,
+		RGBA32F = 4,
 
 		// Depth/stencil
-		Depth32F = 2,
-		Depth24Stencil8 = 3,
+		Depth24Stencil8 = 5,
+		Depth32F = 6,
 
 		// Defaults
 		Color = RGBA8,
@@ -59,12 +62,14 @@ public:
 
 	// Factory function
 	static std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> create(const Properties& properties);
+	static void copyBuffer(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> from, std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> to, uint32_t bits, uint32_t filter);
 
 	void bind() const;
 	void unbind() const;
 	bool check() const;
 	void resize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 
+	uint8_t colorAttachmentCount() const { return m_colorAttachmentCount; }
 	uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
 	uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
 	uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ private:
 
 private:
 	bool m_renderToScreen { false };
+	uint8_t m_colorAttachmentCount { 1 };
 	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
 	uint32_t m_width { 0 };
 	uint32_t m_height { 0 };

src/inferno/render/render-command.cpp

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
 
 #include "glad/glad.h"
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
 
 #include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
 #include "inferno/render/render-command.h"
@@ -57,6 +59,26 @@ void RenderCommand::setDepthTest(bool enabled)
 	enabled ? glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) : glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
 }
 
+void RenderCommand::setColorAttachmentCount(uint32_t count)
+{
+	static constexpr uint32_t colorAttachments[] = {
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT3, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT4, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT5,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT6, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT7, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT8,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT9, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT10, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT11,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT12, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT13, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT14,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT15, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT16, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT17,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT18, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT19, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT20,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT21, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT22, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT23,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT24, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT25, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT26,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT27, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT28, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT29,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT30, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT31
+	};
+	static constexpr uint32_t maxCount = sizeof(colorAttachments) / sizeof(colorAttachments[0]);
+	VERIFY(count > 0 && count <= maxCount, "incorrect colorbuffer count: {}/{}", count, maxCount);
+	glDrawBuffers(static_cast<int32_t>(count), colorAttachments); // Multiple Render Targets (MRT)
+}
+
 bool RenderCommand::depthTest()
 {
 	unsigned char depthTest = GL_FALSE;

src/inferno/render/render-command.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shadred_ptr
 
 #include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ public:
 
 	static void setViewport(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 	static void setDepthTest(bool enabled);
+	static void setColorAttachmentCount(uint32_t count);
 
 	static bool depthTest();
 	static int32_t textureUnitAmount();

src/inferno/render/renderer.cpp

@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ void Renderer<T>::flush()
 	// Render
 	bool depthTest = RenderCommand::depthTest();
 	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(m_enableDepthBuffer);
+	RenderCommand::setColorAttachmentCount(m_colorAttachmentCount);
 	RenderCommand::drawIndexed(m_vertexArray, m_elementIndex);
 	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(depthTest);
 
@@ -197,6 +198,11 @@ void Renderer<T>::nextBatch()
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 Renderer2D::Renderer2D(s)
+{
+	Renderer2D::initialize();
+}
+
+void Renderer2D::initialize()
 {
 	Renderer::initialize();
 
@@ -216,6 +222,8 @@ Renderer2D::Renderer2D(s)
 	// ---------------------------------
 	// GPU
 
+	m_enableDepthBuffer = false;
+
 	// Create vertex buffer
 	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(QuadVertex) * maxVertices);
 	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
@@ -275,12 +283,17 @@ void Renderer2D::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color,
 
 void Renderer2D::loadShader()
 {
-	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/batch-2d");
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/post-process");
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 RendererCubemap::RendererCubemap(s)
+{
+	RendererCubemap::initialize();
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::initialize()
 {
 	Renderer::initialize();
 
@@ -354,10 +367,10 @@ void RendererCubemap::beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjection, glm::mat4 cameraVie
 	// x x x 0
 	// x x x 0
 	// 0 0 0 1
-	cameraView = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(cameraView));
+	// cameraView = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(cameraView));
 
 	m_shader->bind();
-	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView", cameraProjection * cameraView);
+	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView2", cameraProjection * cameraView);
 	m_shader->unbind();
 }
 
@@ -482,6 +495,7 @@ Renderer3D::Renderer3D(s)
 	// GPU
 
 	m_enableDepthBuffer = true;
+	m_colorAttachmentCount = 3;
 
 	// Create vertex buffer
 	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(Vertex) * maxVertices);
@@ -501,8 +515,8 @@ void Renderer3D::drawModel(std::span<const Vertex> vertices, std::span<const uin
 {
 	// ruc::error("drawModel");
 
-	VERIFY(vertices.size() <= maxVertices, "model vertices too big for buffer");
-	VERIFY(elements.size() <= maxElements, "model elements too big for buffer");
+	VERIFY(vertices.size() <= maxVertices, "model vertices too big for buffer, {}/{}", vertices.size(), maxVertices);
+	VERIFY(elements.size() <= maxElements, "model elements too big for buffer, {}/{}", elements.size(), maxElements);
 
 	// Create a new batch if the quad limit has been reached
 	if (m_vertexIndex + vertices.size() > maxVertices || m_elementIndex + elements.size() > maxElements) {
@@ -512,9 +526,10 @@ void Renderer3D::drawModel(std::span<const Vertex> vertices, std::span<const uin
 	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = addTextureUnit(texture);
 
 	// Add the vertices
+	glm::mat3 normalMatrix = glm::mat3(glm::transpose(glm::inverse(transform.transform)));
 	for (const auto& vertex : vertices) {
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * glm::vec4(vertex.position, 1.0f);
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->normal = vertex.normal;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->normal = normalMatrix * vertex.normal; // take non-uniform scaling into consideration
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->color = color;
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureCoordinates = vertex.textureCoordinates;
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
@@ -565,4 +580,46 @@ void Renderer3D::startBatch()
 	m_elementBufferPtr = m_elementBufferBase;
 }
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void RendererPostProcess::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, std::shared_ptr<Texture> albedo, std::shared_ptr<Texture> position, std::shared_ptr<Texture> normal)
+{
+	nextBatch();
+
+	constexpr glm::vec2 textureCoordinates[] = {
+		{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
+		{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
+		{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
+		{ 0.0f, 1.0f }
+	};
+
+	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = addTextureUnit(albedo);
+	addTextureUnit(position);
+	addTextureUnit(normal);
+
+	// Add the quads 4 vertices
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexPerQuad; i++) {
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * m_vertexPositions[i];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureCoordinates = textureCoordinates[i];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
+	}
+
+	m_vertexIndex += vertexPerQuad;
+	m_elementIndex += elementPerQuad;
+}
+
+void RendererPostProcess::loadShader()
+{
+	ruc::error("POSTPROCESSING!");
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/post-process");
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void RendererLightCube::loadShader()
+{
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/lightsource");
+}
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/renderer.h

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ protected:
 
 	// GPU objects
 	bool m_enableDepthBuffer { true };
+	uint32_t m_colorAttachmentCount { 1 };
 	std::shared_ptr<Shader> m_shader;
 	std::shared_ptr<VertexArray> m_vertexArray;
 };
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ protected:
 
 // -------------------------------------
 
-class Renderer2D final
+class Renderer2D
 	: public Renderer<QuadVertex>
 	, public ruc::Singleton<Renderer2D> {
 public:
@@ -138,15 +139,20 @@ public:
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 
-private:
-	void loadShader() override;
+protected:
+	Renderer2D() { Renderer2D::initialize(); } // Needed for derived classes
+
+	void initialize();
 
 	// Default quad vertex positions
 	glm::vec4 m_vertexPositions[vertexPerQuad];
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
 };
 // -------------------------------------
 
-class RendererCubemap final
+class RendererCubemap
 	: public Renderer<CubemapVertex>
 	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererCubemap> {
 public:
@@ -163,8 +169,13 @@ public:
 	void drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 	void drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 
+protected:
+	RendererCubemap() { RendererCubemap::initialize(); } // Needed for derived classes
+
+	void initialize();
+
 private:
-	void loadShader() override;
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
 
 	// Default cubemap vertex positions
 	glm::vec4 m_vertexPositions[vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube];
@@ -212,4 +223,47 @@ private:
 	uint32_t* m_elementBufferPtr { nullptr };
 };
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+class RendererPostProcess final
+	: public Renderer2D
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererPostProcess> {
+public:
+	RendererPostProcess(ruc::Singleton<RendererPostProcess>::s)
+		: Renderer2D()
+	{
+	}
+	virtual ~RendererPostProcess() = default;
+
+	using Singleton<RendererPostProcess>::the;
+	using Singleton<RendererPostProcess>::destroy;
+
+	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, std::shared_ptr<Texture> albedo, std::shared_ptr<Texture> position, std::shared_ptr<Texture> normal);
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+class RendererLightCube final
+	: public RendererCubemap
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererLightCube> {
+public:
+	RendererLightCube(ruc::Singleton<RendererLightCube>::s)
+		: RendererCubemap()
+	{
+		m_enableDepthBuffer = true;
+	}
+	virtual ~RendererLightCube() = default;
+
+	using Singleton<RendererLightCube>::the;
+	using Singleton<RendererLightCube>::destroy;
+
+	void beginScene(glm::mat4, glm::mat4) override {}
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
+};
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "glad/glad.h"
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp" // glm::mat2
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp" // glm::mat3
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp"   // glm::vec3
 #include "ruc/singleton.h"
 
 #include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,23 @@
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
+// Uniform block layouts, using std140 memory layout rules
+
+#define MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS 32
+struct UniformDirectionalLight {
+	glm::vec3 direction { 0 };
+	float __padding0 { 0 };
+
+	glm::vec3 ambient { 0 };
+	float __padding1 { 0 };
+	glm::vec3 diffuse { 0 };
+	float __padding2 { 0 };
+	glm::vec3 specular { 0 };
+	float __padding3 { 0 };
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 struct UniformbufferBlock {
 	uint32_t id { 0 };
 	uint32_t size { 0 };

src/inferno/scene/scene.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
 #include <utility> // std::pair
 
-#include "entt/entity/entity.hpp" // ent::entity
+#include "entt/entity/fwd.hpp" // ent::entity
 #include "ruc/file.h"
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 #include "ruc/json/json.h"
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "inferno/component/tagcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/textareacomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
 #include "inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h"
 #include "inferno/scene/scene.h"
 #include "inferno/script/nativescript.h"
@@ -84,17 +85,7 @@ void Scene::update(float deltaTime)
 
 void Scene::render()
 {
-	auto [projection, view] = CameraSystem::the().projectionView();
-	Uniformbuffer::the().setValue("Camera", "u_projectionView", projection * view);
-	RendererCubemap::the().beginScene(projection, view); // camera, lights, environment
-
 	RenderSystem::the().render();
-	TextAreaSystem::the().render();
-
-	RendererCubemap::the().endScene();
-	Renderer3D::the().endScene();
-	Renderer2D::the().endScene();
-	RendererFont::the().endScene();
 }
 
 void Scene::destroy()

src/inferno/system/camerasystem.cpp

@@ -53,10 +53,23 @@ std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> CameraSystem::projectionView()
 	}
 
 	VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+	return {};
+}
+
+glm::vec3 CameraSystem::translate()
+{
+	auto view = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CameraComponent>();
 
+	for (auto [entity, transform, camera] : view.each()) {
+		return transform.translate;
+	}
+
+	VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
 	return {};
 }
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 void CameraSystem::updateOrthographic(TransformComponent& transform, CameraComponent& camera)
 {
 	// Update camera matrix

src/inferno/system/camerasystem.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public:
 	 * @brief Return a pair from the camera component: { projection, view }
 	 */
 	std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> projectionView();
+	glm::vec3 translate();
 
 	void setRegistry(std::shared_ptr<entt::registry> registry) { m_registry = registry; };
 

src/inferno/system/rendersystem.cpp

@@ -4,42 +4,149 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
-#include "glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp" // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::radians
-#include "inferno/component/model-component.h"
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 
 #include "inferno/component/cubemap-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/model-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/spritecomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/render/framebuffer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/render-command.h"
 #include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h"
+#include "inferno/system/camerasystem.h"
 #include "inferno/system/rendersystem.h"
+#include "inferno/system/textareasystem.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
 RenderSystem::RenderSystem(s)
 {
-	ruc::info("RenderSystem initialized");
 }
 
 RenderSystem::~RenderSystem()
 {
 }
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void RenderSystem::initialize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
+{
+	m_framebuffer = Framebuffer::create({
+		.attachments = { Framebuffer::Type::Color, Framebuffer::Type::RGBA16F, Framebuffer::Type::RGBA16F, Framebuffer::Type::Depth },
+		.width = width,
+		.height = height,
+		.clearColor = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+		.clearBit = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT,
+	});
+
+	m_screenFramebuffer = Framebuffer::create({
+		.renderToScreen = true,
+		.clearColor = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
+		.clearBit = GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT,
+	});
+
+	Uniformbuffer::the().setLayout(
+		"Camera", 0,
+		{
+			{ BufferElementType::Mat4, "u_projectionView" },
+			{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "u_position" },
+		});
+	Uniformbuffer::the().create("Camera");
+
+	Uniformbuffer::the().setLayout(
+		"DirectionalLights",
+		{
+			.size = sizeof(UniformDirectionalLight) * MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS,
+			.bindingPoint = 1,
+			.uniformLocations = {
+				{ "u_directionalLight", 0 },
+			},
+		});
+	Uniformbuffer::the().create("DirectionalLights");
+
+	ruc::info("RenderSystem initialized");
+}
+
 void RenderSystem::render()
 {
-	auto quadView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, SpriteComponent>();
+	static constexpr TransformComponent transformIdentity;
 
-	for (auto [entity, transform, sprite] : quadView.each()) {
-		Renderer2D::the().drawQuad(transform, sprite.color, sprite.texture);
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// Deferred rendering to a framebuffer
+
+	framebufferSetup(m_framebuffer);
+
+	renderGeometry();
+
+	framebufferTeardown(m_framebuffer);
+
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// Forward rendering to the screen
+
+	framebufferSetup(m_screenFramebuffer);
+
+	renderSkybox();
+
+	// Render 3D geometry post-processing
+	RendererPostProcess::the().drawQuad(transformIdentity, m_framebuffer->texture(0), m_framebuffer->texture(1), m_framebuffer->texture(2));
+	RendererPostProcess::the().endScene();
+
+	// Visual representation of light sources
+	Framebuffer::copyBuffer(m_framebuffer, m_screenFramebuffer, GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT, GL_NEAREST);
+	renderLightCubes();
+
+	// Render 2D, UI
+	renderOverlay();
+
+	framebufferTeardown(m_screenFramebuffer);
 }
 
-	auto cubemapView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CubemapComponent>();
+void RenderSystem::resize(int32_t width, int32_t height)
+{
+	RenderCommand::setViewport(0, 0, width, height);
+	m_framebuffer->resize(width, height);
+	m_screenFramebuffer->resize(width, height);
+}
 
-	for (auto [entity, transform, cubemap] : cubemapView.each()) {
-		RendererCubemap::the().drawCubemap(transform, cubemap.color, cubemap.texture);
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void RenderSystem::framebufferSetup(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> framebuffer)
+{
+	framebuffer->bind();
+
+	RenderCommand::setColorAttachmentCount(framebuffer->colorAttachmentCount());
+	RenderCommand::clearColor(framebuffer->clearColor());
+	RenderCommand::clearBit(framebuffer->clearBit());
 }
 
+void RenderSystem::framebufferTeardown(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> framebuffer)
+{
+	framebuffer->unbind();
+
+	RenderCommand::setColorAttachmentCount(1);
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::renderGeometry()
+{
+	auto [projection, view] = CameraSystem::the().projectionView();
+	auto translate = CameraSystem::the().translate();
+	Uniformbuffer::the().setValue("Camera", "u_projectionView", projection * view);
+	Uniformbuffer::the().setValue("Camera", "u_position", translate);
+
+	static UniformDirectionalLight directionalLights[1] = {
+		{
+			.direction = { -8.0f, -8.0f, -8.0f },
+			.ambient = { 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f },
+			.diffuse = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
+			.specular = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f },
+		},
+	};
+	Uniformbuffer::the().setValue("DirectionalLights", "u_directionalLight", directionalLights);
+
 	auto modelView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, ModelComponent>();
 
 	for (auto [entity, transform, model] : modelView.each()) {
@@ -49,6 +156,54 @@ void RenderSystem::render()
 		                            model.color,
 		                            model.model->texture() ? model.model->texture() : model.texture);
 	}
+
+	Renderer3D::the().endScene();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::renderSkybox()
+{
+	auto [projection, view] = CameraSystem::the().projectionView();
+	RendererCubemap::the().beginScene(projection, view); // camera, lights, environment
+
+	auto cubemapView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CubemapComponent>();
+
+	for (auto [entity, transform, cubemap] : cubemapView.each()) {
+		if (!cubemap.isLight) {
+			RendererCubemap::the().drawCubemap(transform, cubemap.color, cubemap.texture);
+		}
+	}
+
+	RendererCubemap::the().endScene();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::renderLightCubes()
+{
+	auto [projection, view] = CameraSystem::the().projectionView();
+	RendererLightCube::the().beginScene(projection, view); // camera, lights, environment
+
+	auto cubemapView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CubemapComponent>();
+
+	for (auto [entity, transform, cubemap] : cubemapView.each()) {
+		if (cubemap.isLight) {
+			RendererLightCube::the().drawCubemap(transform, cubemap.color, nullptr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	RendererLightCube::the().endScene();
+}
+
+void RenderSystem::renderOverlay()
+{
+	auto quadView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, SpriteComponent>();
+
+	for (auto [entity, transform, sprite] : quadView.each()) {
+		Renderer2D::the().drawQuad(transform, sprite.color, sprite.texture);
+	}
+
+	Renderer2D::the().endScene();
+
+	TextAreaSystem::the().render();
+	RendererFont::the().endScene();
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/system/rendersystem.h

@@ -6,25 +6,39 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
 #include <memory>  //std::shared_ptr
 
-#include "entt/entity/registry.hpp" // entt::entity, entt::registry
-#include "ruc/singleton.h"
+#include "entt/entity/fwd.hpp" // entt::registry
 
-#include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
+#include "ruc/singleton.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
+class Framebuffer;
+
 class RenderSystem final : public ruc::Singleton<RenderSystem> {
 public:
 	RenderSystem(s);
 	virtual ~RenderSystem();
 
+	void initialize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 	void render();
 
+	void resize(int32_t width, int32_t height);
+
 	void setRegistry(std::shared_ptr<entt::registry> registry) { m_registry = registry; };
 
 private:
+	void framebufferSetup(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> framebuffer);
+	void framebufferTeardown(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> framebuffer);
+	void renderGeometry();
+	void renderSkybox();
+	void renderLightCubes();
+	void renderOverlay();
+
+	std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> m_framebuffer;
+	std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> m_screenFramebuffer;
 	std::shared_ptr<entt::registry> m_registry;
 };