Engine: Implement skybox

assets/glsl/batch-cubemap.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat float v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform samplerCube u_textures[32];
+
+void main()
+{
+	vec4 textureColor = v_color;
+	switch(int(v_textureIndex)) {
+		case 0:  break; // Texture unit 0 is reserved for no texture
+		case 1:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[1],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 2:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[2],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 3:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[3],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 4:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[4],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 5:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[5],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 6:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[6],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 7:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[7],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 8:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[8],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 9:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[9],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 10: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[10], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 11: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[11], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 12: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[12], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 13: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[13], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 14: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[14], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 15: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[15], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 16: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[16], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 17: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[17], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 18: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[18], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 19: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[19], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 20: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[20], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 21: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[21], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 22: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[22], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 23: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[23], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 24: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[24], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 25: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[25], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 26: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[26], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 27: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[27], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 28: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[28], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 29: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[29], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 30: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[30], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 31: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[31], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+	}
+	color = textureColor;
+}

assets/glsl/batch-cubemap.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 2) in float a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat float v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform mat4 u_projectionView;
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_position;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

assets/scene/scene1.json

@@ -14,6 +14,19 @@
 				{ "path": "assets/lua/cameracontroller.lua" }
 			]
 		},
+		{
+			"id": { "id": 212563732 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Skybox" },
+			"transform" : {
+				"translate": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+				"rotate": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+				"scale": [100.0, 100.0, 100.0]
+			},
+			"cubemap": {
+				"color": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+				"texture": "assets/gfx/skybox.jpg"
+			}
+		},
 		{
 			"id": { "id": 564564564 },
 			"tag": { "tag": "Quad" },

src/inferno/application.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <utility> // std::pair
+
 #include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp" // glm::make_mat4
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 #include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ Application::~Application()
 	FontManager::destroy();
 	RendererCharacter::destroy();
 	Renderer2D::destroy();
+	RendererCubemap::destroy();
 	RenderCommand::destroy();
 	TextureManager::destroy();
 	ShaderManager::destroy();
@@ -164,12 +167,15 @@ int Application::run()
 		RenderCommand::clearColor({ 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f });
 		RenderCommand::clear();
 
-		Renderer2D::the().beginScene(m_scene->cameraProjectionView()); // camera, lights, environment
+		std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> projectionView = m_scene->cameraProjectionView();
+		RendererCubemap::the().beginScene(projectionView.first, projectionView.second); // camera, lights, environment
+		Renderer2D::the().beginScene(projectionView.first, projectionView.second);      // camera, lights, environment
 		RendererCharacter::the().beginScene();
 
 		m_scene->render();
 		// RendererCharacter::the().drawCharacter(character, f->texture());
 
+		RendererCubemap::the().endScene();
 		Renderer2D::the().endScene();
 		RendererCharacter::the().endScene();
 

src/inferno/component/cubemap-component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/cubemap-component.h"
+#include "inferno/component/spritecomponent.h" // TODO: Move glm::x toJson/fromJson to separate file
+#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CubemapComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	if (json.exists("color")) {
+		json.at("color").getTo(value.color);
+	}
+	if (json.exists("texture") && json.at("texture").type() == ruc::Json::Type::String) {
+		value.texture = TextureManager::the().load(json.at("texture").asString(), Texture::Type::Cubemap);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/cubemap-component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory> // std::shared_ptr
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+struct CubemapComponent {
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture;
+};
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CubemapComponent& value);
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/font.cpp

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Font::Font(const std::string& name)
 	std::string font = ruc::File(path).data();
 	parseFont(font);
 
-	m_texture = std::make_shared<Texture>(image);
+	m_texture = Texture2D::create(image);
 }
 
 // TODO: Move this to ruc

src/inferno/render/renderer.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -216,10 +216,10 @@ Renderer2D::~Renderer2D()
 	Renderer::destroy();
 }
 
-void Renderer2D::beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView)
+void Renderer2D::beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjection, glm::mat4 cameraView)
 {
 	m_shader->bind();
-	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView", cameraProjectionView);
+	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView", cameraProjection * cameraView);
 	m_shader->unbind();
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +311,184 @@ void Renderer2D::nextBatch()
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
+RendererCubemap::RendererCubemap(s)
+{
+	Renderer::initialize();
+
+	// CPU
+	// ---------------------------------
+
+	// Create array for storing quads vertices
+	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<CubemapVertex[]>(vertexCount);
+	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
+
+	// Set default cubemap vertex positions
+
+	// Back face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[0] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[1] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[2] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[3] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Left face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[7] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[6] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[5] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[4] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Right face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[8] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[9] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[10] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[11] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Front face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[12] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[13] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[14] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[15] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Top face
+	m_vertexPositions[16] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[17] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[18] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[19] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Bottom face
+	m_vertexPositions[20] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[21] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[22] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[23] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Generate indices
+
+	uint32_t* indices = new uint32_t[indexCount];
+
+	uint32_t offset = 0;
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i += indexPerQuad) {
+		indices[i + 0] = offset + 0;
+		indices[i + 1] = offset + 1;
+		indices[i + 2] = offset + 2;
+		indices[i + 3] = offset + 2;
+		indices[i + 4] = offset + 3;
+		indices[i + 5] = offset + 0;
+
+		offset += vertexPerQuad;
+	}
+
+	// GPU
+	// ---------------------------------
+
+	// Create vertex buffer
+	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(CubemapVertex) * vertexCount);
+	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_position" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec4, "a_color" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Float, "a_textureIndex" },
+	});
+	m_vertexArray->addVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+
+	// Create index buffer
+	auto indexBuffer = std::make_shared<IndexBuffer>(indices, sizeof(uint32_t) * indexCount);
+	m_vertexArray->setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer);
+	delete[] indices;
+
+	ruc::info("RendererCubemap initialized");
+}
+
+RendererCubemap::~RendererCubemap()
+{
+	Renderer::destroy();
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjection, glm::mat4 cameraView)
+{
+	// We want the skybox fixed in position, so only retain the rotation and scale.
+	// Set the translation of the camera's view matrix to 0, meaning:
+	// x x x 0
+	// x x x 0
+	// x x x 0
+	// 0 0 0 1
+	cameraView = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(cameraView));
+
+	m_shader->bind();
+	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView", cameraProjection * cameraView);
+	m_shader->unbind();
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::endScene()
+{
+	nextBatch();
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+{
+	drawCubemap(transform, glm::mat4(color, color, color, color), texture);
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+{
+	// Create a new batch if the quad limit has been reached
+	if (m_quadIndex >= quadCount) {
+		nextBatch();
+	}
+
+	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = addTextureUnit(texture);
+
+	// Add the quads 4 vertices
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube; i++) {
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * m_vertexPositions[i];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->color = color[i % 4];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = (float)textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
+	}
+
+	m_quadIndex += quadPerCube;
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::loadShader()
+{
+	m_shader = ShaderManager::the().load("assets/glsl/batch-cubemap");
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::flush()
+{
+	if (m_quadIndex == 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Upload vertex data to GPU
+	m_vertexArray->getVertexBuffers().at(0)->uploadData(
+		m_vertexBufferBase.get(),
+		m_quadIndex * vertexPerQuad * sizeof(CubemapVertex));
+
+	bind();
+
+	// Render
+	bool depthTest = RenderCommand::depthTest();
+	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(false);
+	RenderCommand::drawIndexed(*m_vertexArray, m_quadIndex * indexPerQuad);
+	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(depthTest);
+
+	unbind();
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::startBatch()
+{
+	m_quadIndex = 0;
+	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
+
+	m_textureUnitIndex = 1;
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::nextBatch()
+{
+	flush();
+	startBatch();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 RendererCharacter::RendererCharacter(s)
 {
 	Renderer::initialize();

src/inferno/render/renderer.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -27,7 +27,13 @@ struct QuadVertex {
 	glm::vec3 position { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
 	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
 	glm::vec2 textureCoordinates { 0.0f, 0.0f };
-	float textureIndex = 0; // @Todo get int to pass to fragment correctly
+	float textureIndex = 0; // TODO: get int to pass to fragment correctly
+};
+
+struct CubemapVertex {
+	glm::vec3 position { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
+	float textureIndex = 0; // TODO: get int to pass to fragment correctly
 };
 
 struct CharacterVertex {
@@ -66,9 +72,10 @@ public:
 
 class Renderer {
 public:
-	static const uint32_t vertexPerQuad = 4;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t vertexPerQuad = 4;
-	static const uint32_t indexPerQuad = 6;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t indexPerQuad = 6;
-	static const uint32_t textureUnitPerBatch = 32;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t quadPerCube = 6;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t textureUnitPerBatch = 32;
 
 protected:
 	Renderer() {}
@@ -108,11 +115,12 @@ public:
 
 	using Singleton<Renderer2D>::destroy;
 
-	static const uint32_t quadCount = 1000;
+	// When to start a new batch
-	static const uint32_t vertexCount = quadCount * vertexPerQuad;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t quadCount = 1000;
-	static const uint32_t indexCount = quadCount * indexPerQuad;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t vertexCount = quadCount * vertexPerQuad;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t indexCount = quadCount * indexPerQuad;
 
-	void beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView);
+	void beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView, glm::mat4 cameraView);
 	void endScene();
 
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color);
@@ -133,6 +141,42 @@ private:
 	// Default quad vertex positions
 	glm::vec4 m_vertexPositions[vertexPerQuad];
 };
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class RendererCubemap final
+	: public Renderer
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererCubemap> {
+public:
+	RendererCubemap(s);
+	virtual ~RendererCubemap();
+
+	using Singleton<RendererCubemap>::destroy;
+
+	// When to start a new batch
+	static constexpr const uint32_t cubemapCount = 166;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t quadCount = cubemapCount * quadPerCube;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t vertexCount = quadCount * vertexPerQuad;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t indexCount = quadCount * indexPerQuad;
+
+	void beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView, glm::mat4 cameraView);
+	void endScene();
+
+	void drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+	void drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+
+private:
+	void loadShader() override;
+	void flush() override;
+	void startBatch() override;
+	void nextBatch() override;
+
+	// CPU quad vertices
+	std::unique_ptr<CubemapVertex[]> m_vertexBufferBase;
+	CubemapVertex* m_vertexBufferPtr { nullptr };
+
+	// Default cubemap vertex positions
+	glm::vec4 m_vertexPositions[vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube];
+};
 
 // -------------------------------------
 

src/inferno/render/texture.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -19,36 +19,47 @@
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
-Texture::Texture(const std::string& path)
+Texture::~Texture()
-	: m_path(std::move(path))
 {
-	unsigned char* data = nullptr;
+	glDeleteTextures(1, &m_id);
+}
+
+void Texture::init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels)
+{
+	m_width = width;
+	m_height = height;
+
+	m_internalFormat = (channels == 3) ? GL_RGB8 : GL_RGBA8;
+	m_dataFormat = (channels == 3) ? GL_RGB : GL_RGBA;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+std::shared_ptr<Texture> Texture2D::create(const std::string& path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Texture2D>(new Texture2D);
+	result->m_path = path;
+
 	int width = 0;
 	int height = 0;
 	int channels = 0;
+	unsigned char* data = nullptr;
 
 	// Load image data
 	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(1);
 	data = stbi_load(path.c_str(), &width, &height, &channels, STBI_default);
 	VERIFY(data, "failed to load image: '{}'", path);
 
-	init(data, width, height, channels);
+	result->init(width, height, channels);
+	result->create(data);
 
 	// Clean resources
 	stbi_image_free(data);
-}
 
-Texture::Texture(unsigned char* data, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels)
+	return result;
-{
-	init(data, width, height, channels);
-}
-
-Texture::~Texture()
-{
-	glDeleteTextures(1, &m_id);
 }
 
-void Texture::bind(uint32_t unit) const
+void Texture2D::bind(uint32_t unit) const
 {
 	// Set active unit
 	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + unit);
@@ -59,31 +70,12 @@ void Texture::bind(uint32_t unit) const
 	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
 }
 
-void Texture::unbind() const
+void Texture2D::unbind() const
 {
 	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
 }
 
-// -----------------------------------------
+void Texture2D::create(unsigned char* data)
-
-void Texture::init(unsigned char* data, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels)
-{
-	m_width = width;
-	m_height = height;
-
-	if (channels == 4) {
-		m_internalFormat = GL_RGBA8;
-		m_dataFormat = GL_RGBA;
-	}
-	else if (channels == 3) {
-		m_internalFormat = GL_RGB8;
-		m_dataFormat = GL_RGB;
-	}
-
-	create(data);
-}
-
-void Texture::create(unsigned char* data)
 {
 	m_id = UINT_MAX;
 
@@ -109,10 +101,10 @@ void Texture::create(unsigned char* data)
 		data);             // Image data
 
 	// Set the texture wrapping / filtering options
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Magnify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Minify
 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);      // X
 	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);      // Y
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Minify
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Magnify
 
 	// Automatically generate all mipmap levels
 	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
@@ -123,6 +115,94 @@ void Texture::create(unsigned char* data)
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
+std::shared_ptr<Texture> TextureCubemap::create(const std::string& path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<TextureCubemap>(new TextureCubemap);
+	result->m_path = path;
+
+	result->create();
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+void TextureCubemap::bind(uint32_t unit) const
+{
+	// Set active unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + unit);
+
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, m_id);
+
+	// Reset unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+}
+
+void TextureCubemap::unbind() const
+{
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, 0);
+}
+
+void TextureCubemap::create()
+{
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
+
+	// Create texture object
+	glGenTextures(1, &m_id);
+
+	// Bind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, m_id);
+
+	// Set unpacking of pixel data to byte-alignment,
+	// this prevents alignment issues when using a single byte for color
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+
+	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(0);
+
+	static constexpr const char* cubemapPaths[6] { "-px", "-nx", "-py", "-ny", "-pz", "-nz" };
+	size_t dotIndex = m_path.find_last_of('.');
+	std::string path = m_path.substr(0, dotIndex);
+	std::string extension = m_path.substr(dotIndex);
+
+	int width = 0;
+	int height = 0;
+	int channels = 0;
+	unsigned char* data = nullptr;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+		std::string facePath = path + cubemapPaths[i] + extension;
+
+		// Load image data
+		data = stbi_load(facePath.c_str(), &width, &height, &channels, STBI_default);
+		VERIFY(data, "failed to load image: '{}'", facePath.c_str());
+
+		init(width, height, channels);
+
+		// Generate texture face
+		glTexImage2D(
+			GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, // Texture target
+			0,                                  // Midmap level, base starts at level 0
+			m_internalFormat,                   // Internal format
+			m_width, m_height,                  // Image width/height
+			0,                                  // Always 0 (legacy)
+			m_dataFormat,                       // Texture source format
+			GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,                   // Texture source datatype
+			data);                              // Image data
+
+		// Clean resources
+		stbi_image_free(data);
+	}
+
+	// Set the texture wrapping / filtering options
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);    // Magnify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);    // Minify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); // X
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); // Y
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); // Z
+
+	// Unbind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, 0);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 TextureManager::TextureManager(s)
 {
 	ruc::info("TextureManager initialized");
@@ -138,15 +218,16 @@ void TextureManager::add(const std::string& path, std::shared_ptr<Texture> textu
 	m_textureList.emplace(std::move(path), std::move(texture));
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<Texture> TextureManager::load(const std::string& path)
+std::shared_ptr<Texture> TextureManager::load(const std::string& path, Texture::Type type)
 {
 	if (exists(path)) {
 		return get(path);
 	}
 
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture = std::make_shared<Texture>(path);
+	auto texture = (type == Texture::TwoDimensional) ? Texture2D::create(path) : TextureCubemap::create(path);
 	add(path, texture);
-	return get(path);
+
+	return texture;
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Texture> TextureManager::get(const std::string& path)

src/inferno/render/texture.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -15,33 +15,88 @@
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
+class Texture2D;
+class TextureCubemap;
+
 class Texture {
 public:
-	Texture(const std::string& path);
-	Texture(unsigned char* data, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels = 3);
 	virtual ~Texture();
 
-	void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const;
+	enum Type : uint8_t {
-	void unbind() const;
+		TwoDimensional = 0,
+		Cubemap,
+	};
+
+	void init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const = 0;
+	virtual void unbind() const = 0;
+
+	std::string path() const { return m_path; }
+	uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
+	uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }
+	uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
+	uint32_t internalFormat() const { return m_internalFormat; }
+	uint32_t dataFormat() const { return m_dataFormat; }
 
-	inline std::string path() const { return m_path; }
+	virtual bool is2D() const { return false; }
-	inline uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
+	virtual bool isCubeMap() const { return false; }
-	inline uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }
+
-	inline uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
+	friend Texture2D;
-	inline uint32_t internalFormat() const { return m_internalFormat; }
+	friend TextureCubemap;
-	inline uint32_t dataFormat() const { return m_dataFormat; }
+
+protected:
+	Texture() {}
 
 protected:
-	void init(unsigned char* data, uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels);
+	std::string m_path;
+	uint32_t m_width { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_height { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_internalFormat { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_dataFormat { 0 };
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class Texture2D final : public Texture {
+public:
+	virtual ~Texture2D() = default;
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Texture> create(const std::string& path);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const override;
+	virtual void unbind() const override;
+
+private:
+	Texture2D() {}
+
+	virtual bool is2D() const override { return true; }
+
+private:
 	void create(unsigned char* data);
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class TextureCubemap final : public Texture {
+public:
+	virtual ~TextureCubemap() = default;
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Texture> create(const std::string& path);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const override;
+	virtual void unbind() const override;
 
 private:
-	std::string m_path;
+	TextureCubemap() {};
-	uint32_t m_width;
+
-	uint32_t m_height;
+	virtual bool isCubeMap() const override { return true; }
-	uint32_t m_id;
+
-	uint32_t m_internalFormat;
+private:
-	uint32_t m_dataFormat;
+	void create();
 };
 
 // -------------------------------------
@@ -52,7 +107,7 @@ public:
 	~TextureManager();
 
 	void add(const std::string& path, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> load(const std::string& path);
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture> load(const std::string& path, Texture::Type type = Texture::Type::TwoDimensional);
 	std::shared_ptr<Texture> get(const std::string& path);
 	bool exists(const std::string& path);
 

src/inferno/scene/scene.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <cstdint> // uint32_t
 #include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
+#include <utility> // std::pair
 
 #include "entt/entity/entity.hpp" // ent::entity
 #include "ruc/file.h"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
 
 #include "inferno/component/cameracomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/component/cubemap-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/id-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/luascriptcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/nativescriptcomponent.h"
@@ -156,6 +158,10 @@ uint32_t Scene::loadEntity(ruc::Json components, uint32_t parentEntity)
 		auto& sprite = addComponent<SpriteComponent>(entity);
 		components.at("sprite").getTo(sprite);
 	}
+	if (components.exists("cubemap")) {
+		auto& cubemap = addComponent<CubemapComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("cubemap").getTo(cubemap);
+	}
 	if (components.exists("text")) {
 		auto& text = addComponent<TextAreaComponent>(entity);
 		components.at("text").getTo(text);
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ void Scene::destroyEntity(uint32_t entity)
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
-glm::mat4 Scene::cameraProjectionView()
+std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> Scene::cameraProjectionView()
 {
 	return CameraSystem::the().projectionView();
 }

src/inferno/scene/scene.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <cstdint> // uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+#include <utility> // std::pair
 
 #include "entt/entity/registry.hpp"    // entt::entity, entt::registry
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp" // glm::mat4
@@ -35,7 +36,10 @@ public:
 	uint32_t findEntity(std::string_view name);
 	void destroyEntity(uint32_t entity);
 
-	glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView();
+	/**
+	 * @brief Return a pair from the camera component: { projection, view }
+	 */
+	std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> cameraProjectionView();
 
 	void validEntity(uint32_t entity) const;
 

src/inferno/system/camerasystem.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <utility> // std::pair
+
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_clip_space.hpp" // glm::perspective, glm::ortho
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp"  // glm::radians, glm::lookAt
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
@@ -42,17 +44,17 @@ void CameraSystem::update()
 	}
 }
 
-glm::mat4 CameraSystem::projectionView()
+std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> CameraSystem::projectionView()
 {
 	auto view = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CameraComponent>();
 
 	for (auto [entity, transform, camera] : view.each()) {
-		return camera.projection * transform.transform;
+		return { camera.projection, transform.transform };
 	}
 
 	VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
 
-	return glm::mat4 { 1.0f };
+	return {};
 }
 
 void CameraSystem::updateOrthographic(TransformComponent& transform, CameraComponent& camera)

src/inferno/system/camerasystem.h

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <memory> //std::shared_ptr
+#include <memory>  //std::shared_ptr
+#include <utility> // std::pair
 
 #include "entt/entity/registry.hpp"    // entt::entity, entt::registry
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp" // glm::mat4
@@ -27,7 +28,10 @@ public:
 
 	void update();
 
-	glm::mat4 projectionView();
+	/**
+	 * @brief Return a pair from the camera component: { projection, view }
+	 */
+	std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> projectionView();
 
 	void setRegistry(std::shared_ptr<entt::registry> registry) { m_registry = registry; };
 

src/inferno/system/rendersystem.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp" // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::radians
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 
+#include "inferno/component/cubemap-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/spritecomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
@@ -25,11 +26,17 @@ RenderSystem::~RenderSystem()
 
 void RenderSystem::render()
 {
-	auto group = m_registry->group<TransformComponent, SpriteComponent>();
+	auto quadView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, SpriteComponent>();
 
-	for (auto [entity, transform, sprite] : group.each()) {
+	for (auto [entity, transform, sprite] : quadView.each()) {
 		Renderer2D::the().drawQuad(transform, sprite.color, sprite.texture);
 	}
+
+	auto cubemapView = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CubemapComponent>();
+
+	for (auto [entity, transform, cubemap] : cubemapView.each()) {
+		RendererCubemap::the().drawCubemap(transform, cubemap.color, cubemap.texture);
+	}
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno