Render+Asset: Fix derived Renderer2D, fix Skybox uniform

(address sanitizer, undefined behavior sanitizer)

.gitmodules

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 [submodule "inferno/vendor/stb/stb"]
 	path = vendor/stb/stb
 	url = https://github.com/nothings/stb
-[submodule "vendor/ruc"]
+[submodule "inferno/vendor/ruc"]
 	path = vendor/ruc
 	url = https://github.com/Riyyi/ruc
+[submodule "inferno/vendor/assimp"]
+	path = vendor/assimp
+	url = https://github.com/assimp/assimp

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ endif()
 # Options
 option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries" OFF)
 option(INFERNO_BUILD_EXAMPLES "Build the Inferno example programs" ${INFERNO_STANDALONE})
+option(INFERNO_BUILD_WARNINGS "Build with warnings enabled" ${INFERNO_STANDALONE})
 
 # ------------------------------------------
 
@@ -25,10 +26,15 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
 
 # Compiler flags used for all build types
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic")
-# -Wall      = All warnings about contructions that are easily avoidable
-# -Wextra    = Extra warning flags not covered by -Wall
-# -Wpedantic = Warnings for compiler extensions not part of the standard
+set(COMPILE_FLAGS_DEPS -w)
+if(INFERNO_BUILD_WARNINGS)
+	set(COMPILE_FLAGS_PROJECT -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
+	# -Wall      = All warnings about contructions that are easily avoidable
+	# -Wextra    = Extra warning flags not covered by -Wall
+	# -Wpedantic = Warnings for compiler extensions not part of the standard
+else()
+	set(COMPILE_FLAGS_PROJECT ${COMPILE_FLAGS_DEPS})
+endif()
 
 # Set default build type if not specified
 set(DEFAULT_BUILD_TYPE Release)
@@ -42,14 +48,20 @@ endif()
 # Set build type specific compiler flags
 message("--- ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} ---")
 if(${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} STREQUAL Debug)
-	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Og -g -pg")
-	# -Og = Optimizations that do not interfere with debugging
-	# -g  = Produce debugging information in OS's native format
-	# -pg = Generate profile information for analysis with gprof
+	# Optimizations that do not interfere with debugging
+	string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG " -Og")
+	# Produce debugging information in OS's native format
+	string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG " -g")
+	# Generate profile information for analysis with gprof
 	# $ gprof <PROJECT> gmon.out > profile-data.txt
+	string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG " -pg")
+	# Enable ASan (Address Sanitizer) and UBSan (Undefined Behavior Sanitizer)
+	string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG " -fsanitize=address,undefined")
+	# Do not omit frame pointer, which helps with debugging.
+	string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG " -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
 elseif(${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} STREQUAL Release)
-	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -O3")
-	# -O3 = Optimizations that increase compilation time and performance
+	# Optimizations that increase compilation time and performance
+	string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE " -O3")
 endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
@@ -69,9 +81,7 @@ add_subdirectory("src")
 # ------------------------------------------
 # Assets target
 
-add_custom_target(${ENGINE}-assets ALL
-	COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/copy-assets.cmake
-	WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+add_subdirectory("assets")
 
 # ------------------------------------------
 # Examples target

README.org

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ $ cmake .. && make
 
 * Libraries
 
+- [[https://github.com/assimp/assimp][assimp]]
 # - [[https://github.com/bulletphysics/bullet3][Bullet]]
 - [[https://github.com/skypjack/entt][EnTT]]
 - [[https://github.com/Dav1dde/glad][glad]]
@@ -48,3 +49,5 @@ $ cmake .. && make
 - [[https://www.glfw.org/docs/latest/build_guide.html#build_link_cmake_source][Build GLFW using CMake]]
 - [[https://learnopengl.com][Learn OpenGL]]
 - [[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlrATfBNZ98dC-V-N3m0Go4deliWHPFwT][Game Engine]] by The Cherno
+- [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnIQEQoHHCU][OpenGL 3D Game Tutorial 32: Font Rendering]]
+- [[https://youtu.be/d8cfgcJR9Tk][OpenGL 3D Game Tutorial 33: Distance Field Text Rendering]]

assets/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+add_custom_target(${ENGINE}-assets
+	COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../cmake/copy-assets.cmake
+	WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
+add_dependencies(${ENGINE} ${ENGINE}-assets)

assets/fnt/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE
+Version 1.1, 26 February 2007
+
+Copyright (C) 2010-2023 Steve Matteson
+
+PREAMBLE
+
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide development
+of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation efforts of academic
+and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and open framework in which
+fonts may be shared and improved in partnership with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The fonts,
+including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, redistributed and/or
+sold with any software provided that any reserved names are not used by
+derivative works. The fonts and derivatives, however, cannot be released under
+any other type of license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this
+license does not apply to any document created using the fonts or their
+derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright Holder(s)
+under this license and clearly marked as such. This may include source files,
+build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the copyright
+statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting, or
+substituting – in part or in whole – any of the components of the Original
+Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a new
+environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical writer or other
+person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify, redistribute, and
+sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font Software, subject to the
+following conditions:
+
+    Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components, in Original
+    or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+    Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+    redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+    contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be included
+    either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or in the
+    appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or binary files as
+    long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+    No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font Name(s)
+    unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding Copyright
+    Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as presented
+    to the users.
+
+    The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font Software
+    shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any Modified Version,
+    except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) and the
+    Author(s) or with their explicit written permission.
+
+    The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole, must be
+    distributed entirely under this license, and must not be distributed under
+    any other license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license
+    does not apply to any document created using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR
+OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
+INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR
+FROM OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

assets/fnt/open-sans.fnt

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+info face="Open Sans Regular" size=62 bold=0 italic=0 charset="" unicode=0 stretchH=100 smooth=1 aa=1 padding=8,8,8,8 spacing=-2,-20
+common lineHeight=82 base=67 scaleW=512 scaleH=512 pages=1 packed=0
+page id=0 file="open-sans.png"
+chars count=97
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+kerning first=65 second=84 amount=-4
+kerning first=87 second=114 amount=-1
+kerning first=34 second=103 amount=-2
+kerning first=86 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=44 second=84 amount=-4
+kerning first=86 second=97 amount=-1
+kerning first=109 second=34 amount=-1
+kerning first=85 second=46 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=117 amount=-2
+kerning first=90 second=81 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=84 amount=1
+kerning first=120 second=100 amount=-1
+kerning first=114 second=103 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=118 amount=-1
+kerning first=86 second=110 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=46 second=89 amount=-4
+kerning first=111 second=39 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=97 amount=-5
+kerning first=120 second=113 amount=-1
+kerning first=81 second=88 amount=-1
+kerning first=88 second=81 amount=-1
+kerning first=76 second=87 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=109 amount=-2
+kerning first=65 second=89 amount=-4
+kerning first=67 second=81 amount=-1
+kerning first=65 second=34 amount=-4
+kerning first=89 second=111 amount=-3
+kerning first=84 second=110 amount=-3
+kerning first=44 second=89 amount=-4
+kerning first=109 second=39 amount=-1
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+kerning first=34 second=87 amount=1
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+kerning first=79 second=88 amount=-1
+kerning first=101 second=118 amount=-1
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+kerning first=68 second=90 amount=-1
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+kerning first=39 second=101 amount=-4
+kerning first=86 second=115 amount=-1
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+kerning first=34 second=100 amount=-4
+kerning first=89 second=103 amount=-1
+kerning first=44 second=81 amount=-3
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+kerning first=98 second=122 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=114 amount=-2
+kerning first=84 second=81 amount=-1
+kerning first=91 second=74 amount=6
+kerning first=34 second=113 amount=-4
+kerning first=66 second=90 amount=-1
+kerning first=114 second=100 amount=-1
+kerning first=65 second=39 amount=-4
+kerning first=119 second=46 amount=-2
+kerning first=84 second=115 amount=-4
+kerning first=76 second=71 amount=-1
+kerning first=46 second=86 amount=-4
+kerning first=87 second=103 amount=-1
+kerning first=112 second=121 amount=-1
+kerning first=101 second=34 amount=-1
+kerning first=114 second=113 amount=-1
+kerning first=118 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=76 second=84 amount=-1
+kerning first=65 second=86 amount=-2
+kerning first=107 second=99 amount=-1
+kerning first=86 second=65 amount=-2
+kerning first=75 second=67 amount=-1
+kerning first=44 second=86 amount=-4
+kerning first=86 second=99 amount=-1
+kerning first=34 second=84 amount=1
+kerning first=86 second=44 amount=-3
+kerning first=99 second=34 amount=1
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+kerning first=84 second=120 amount=-1
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+kerning first=84 second=65 amount=-4
+kerning first=34 second=97 amount=-2
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+kerning first=89 second=100 amount=-3
+kerning first=84 second=99 amount=-4
+kerning first=101 second=39 amount=-1
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+kerning first=97 second=34 amount=-1
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+kerning first=76 second=89 amount=-2
+kerning first=89 second=79 amount=-1
+kerning first=98 second=119 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=111 amount=-4
+kerning first=76 second=34 amount=-5
+kerning first=34 second=110 amount=-2
+kerning first=66 second=87 amount=-1
+kerning first=114 second=97 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=113 amount=-3
+kerning first=84 second=112 amount=-3
+kerning first=116 second=34 amount=1
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+kerning first=34 second=89 amount=1
+kerning first=99 second=39 amount=1
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+kerning first=112 second=118 amount=-1
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+kerning first=87 second=79 amount=-1
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+kerning first=118 second=39 amount=2
+kerning first=80 second=65 amount=-3
+kerning first=114 second=34 amount=2
+kerning first=123 second=74 amount=6
+kerning first=70 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=97 second=39 amount=-1
+kerning first=80 second=44 amount=-8
+kerning first=76 second=39 amount=-5
+kerning first=34 second=115 amount=-2
+kerning first=120 second=99 amount=-1
+kerning first=87 second=71 amount=-1
+kerning first=68 second=84 amount=-2
+kerning first=84 second=117 amount=-3
+kerning first=88 second=67 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=86 second=109 amount=-1
+kerning first=116 second=39 amount=1
+kerning first=67 second=67 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=97 amount=-3
+kerning first=112 second=34 amount=-1
+kerning first=46 second=67 amount=-3
+kerning first=81 second=87 amount=-1
+kerning first=76 second=86 amount=-1
+kerning first=66 second=84 amount=-2
+kerning first=107 second=101 amount=-1
+kerning first=86 second=67 amount=-1
+kerning first=118 second=44 amount=-2
+kerning first=89 second=110 amount=-2
+kerning first=87 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=84 second=109 amount=-3
+kerning first=114 second=39 amount=2
+kerning first=45 second=84 amount=-2
+kerning first=39 second=87 amount=1
+kerning first=86 second=101 amount=-1
+kerning first=65 second=67 amount=-1
+kerning first=87 second=97 amount=-1
+kerning first=110 second=34 amount=-1
+kerning first=34 second=86 amount=1
+kerning first=86 second=46 amount=-3
+kerning first=111 second=119 amount=-1
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+kerning first=79 second=87 amount=-1
+kerning first=68 second=89 amount=-1
+kerning first=34 second=65 amount=-4
+kerning first=84 second=122 amount=-2
+kerning first=39 second=100 amount=-4
+kerning first=86 second=114 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=67 amount=-1
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+kerning first=89 second=81 amount=-1
+kerning first=98 second=121 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=113 amount=-4
+kerning first=34 second=112 amount=-2
+kerning first=66 second=89 amount=-1
+kerning first=114 second=99 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=115 amount=-2
+kerning first=84 second=114 amount=-3
+kerning first=46 second=85 amount=-1
+kerning first=110 second=39 amount=-1
+kerning first=112 second=120 amount=-1
+kerning first=101 second=122 amount=-1
+kerning first=80 second=88 amount=-1
+kerning first=87 second=81 amount=-1
+kerning first=81 second=84 amount=-2
+kerning first=87 second=115 amount=-1
+kerning first=44 second=85 amount=-1
+kerning first=70 second=65 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=84 amount=1
+kerning first=104 second=34 amount=-1
+kerning first=80 second=46 amount=-8
+kerning first=121 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=34 second=117 amount=-2
+kerning first=70 second=44 amount=-4
+kerning first=79 second=84 amount=-2
+kerning first=107 second=111 amount=-1
+kerning first=120 second=101 amount=-1
+kerning first=68 second=86 amount=-1
+kerning first=75 second=79 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=119 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=65 amount=-4
+kerning first=39 second=97 amount=-2
+kerning first=86 second=111 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=99 amount=-3
+kerning first=68 second=65 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=44 amount=-4
+kerning first=102 second=34 amount=4
+kerning first=119 second=63 amount=1
+kerning first=81 second=89 amount=-1
+kerning first=98 second=118 amount=-1
+kerning first=68 second=44 amount=-2
+kerning first=39 second=110 amount=-2
+kerning first=34 second=109 amount=-2
+kerning first=66 second=86 amount=-1
+kerning first=118 second=46 amount=-2
+kerning first=89 second=112 amount=-2
+kerning first=87 second=65 amount=-2
+kerning first=75 second=71 amount=-1
+kerning first=84 second=111 amount=-4
+kerning first=69 second=74 amount=4
+kerning first=76 second=67 amount=-1
+kerning first=121 second=34 amount=2
+kerning first=39 second=89 amount=1
+kerning first=86 second=103 amount=-1
+kerning first=87 second=99 amount=-1
+kerning first=104 second=39 amount=-1
+kerning first=66 second=65 amount=-1
+kerning first=87 second=44 amount=-3
+kerning first=111 second=121 amount=-1
+kerning first=79 second=89 amount=-1
+kerning first=101 second=119 amount=-1
+kerning first=66 second=44 amount=-2
+kerning first=87 second=112 amount=-1
+kerning first=34 second=101 amount=-4
+kerning first=85 second=65 amount=-1
+kerning first=119 second=34 amount=2
+kerning first=84 second=103 amount=-4
+kerning first=102 second=39 amount=4
+kerning first=85 second=44 amount=-1
+kerning first=98 second=34 amount=-1
+kerning first=39 second=115 amount=-2
+kerning first=90 second=79 amount=-1
+kerning first=34 second=114 amount=-2
+kerning first=114 second=101 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=117 amount=-2
+kerning first=121 second=39 amount=2
+kerning first=65 second=74 amount=8
+kerning first=46 second=87 amount=-4
+kerning first=112 second=122 amount=-1
+kerning first=120 second=111 amount=-1
+kerning first=80 second=90 amount=-1
+kerning first=81 second=86 amount=-1
+kerning first=88 second=79 amount=-1
+kerning first=76 second=85 amount=-1
+kerning first=90 second=71 amount=-1
+kerning first=65 second=87 amount=-2
+kerning first=87 second=117 amount=-1
+kerning first=107 second=100 amount=-1
+kerning first=67 second=79 amount=-1
+kerning first=89 second=109 amount=-2
+kerning first=119 second=39 amount=2
+kerning first=81 second=65 amount=-1
+kerning first=44 second=87 amount=-4
+kerning first=39 second=86 amount=1
+kerning first=86 second=100 amount=-1
+kerning first=46 second=79 amount=-3
+kerning first=98 second=39 amount=-1
+kerning first=111 second=118 amount=-1
+kerning first=81 second=44 amount=-2

assets/glsl/batch-2d.frag

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
 
 in vec4 v_color;
 in vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
-in flat float v_textureIndex;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
 
 uniform sampler2D u_textures[32];
 
 void main()
 {
 	vec4 textureColor = v_color;
-	switch(int(v_textureIndex)) {
+	switch(v_textureIndex) {
 		case 0:  break; // Texture unit 0 is reserved for no texture
 		case 1:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[1],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
 		case 2:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[2],  v_textureCoordinates); break;

assets/glsl/batch-2d.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
+layout(location = 3) in uint a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_textureCoordinates;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/batch-3d.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 albedoSpec; // RGB diffuse color
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 position;
+layout(location = 2) out vec4 normal;
+
+in vec3 v_position;
+in vec3 v_normal;
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform sampler2D u_textures[32];
+
+void main()
+{
+	vec4 textureColor = v_color;
+	switch(v_textureIndex) {
+		case 0:  break; // Texture unit 0 is reserved for no texture
+		case 1:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[1],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 2:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[2],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 3:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[3],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 4:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[4],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 5:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[5],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 6:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[6],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 7:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[7],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 8:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[8],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 9:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[9],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 10: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[10], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 11: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[11], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 12: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[12], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 13: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[13], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 14: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[14], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 15: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[15], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 16: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[16], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 17: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[17], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 18: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[18], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 19: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[19], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 20: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[20], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 21: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[21], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 22: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[22], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 23: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[23], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 24: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[24], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 25: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[25], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 26: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[26], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 27: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[27], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 28: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[28], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 29: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[29], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 30: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[30], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 31: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[31], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+	}
+
+	albedoSpec.rgb = textureColor.rgb;
+	albedoSpec.a = 1.0; // TODO: read specular from model material
+	position = vec4(v_position, 1.0f);
+	normal = vec4(normalize(v_normal), 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/batch-3d.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 a_normal;
+layout(location = 2) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 3) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
+layout(location = 4) in uint a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec3 v_position;
+out vec3 v_normal;
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera
+{
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_position = a_position;
+	v_normal = a_normal;
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_textureCoordinates;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/batch-cubemap.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform samplerCube u_textures[32];
+
+void main()
+{
+	vec4 textureColor = v_color;
+	switch(v_textureIndex) {
+		case 0:  break; // Texture unit 0 is reserved for no texture
+		case 1:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[1],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 2:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[2],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 3:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[3],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 4:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[4],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 5:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[5],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 6:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[6],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 7:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[7],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 8:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[8],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 9:  textureColor *= texture(u_textures[9],  v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 10: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[10], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 11: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[11], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 12: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[12], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 13: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[13], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 14: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[14], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 15: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[15], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 16: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[16], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 17: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[17], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 18: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[18], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 19: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[19], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 20: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[20], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 21: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[21], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 22: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[22], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 23: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[23], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 24: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[24], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 25: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[25], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 26: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[26], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 27: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[27], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 28: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[28], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 29: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[29], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 30: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[30], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+		case 31: textureColor *= texture(u_textures[31], v_textureCoordinates); break;
+	}
+	color = textureColor;
+}

assets/glsl/batch-cubemap.vert

@@ -2,19 +2,18 @@
 
 layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
 layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
-layout(location = 2) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
-layout(location = 3) in float a_textureIndex;
+layout(location = 2) in uint a_textureIndex;
 
 out vec4 v_color;
-out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
-out flat float v_textureIndex;
+out vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
 
 uniform mat4 u_projectionView;
 
 void main()
 {
 	v_color = a_color;
-	v_textureCoordinates = a_textureCoordinates;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_position;
 	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
 	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
 	gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);

assets/glsl/batch-font.frag

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
 
 in vec4 v_color;
 in vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
-in flat float v_textureIndex;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
 in float v_width;
 in float v_edge;
 in float v_borderWidth;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ float alpha(float textureAlpha)
 void main()
 {
 	vec4 textureColor = v_color;
-	switch(int(v_textureIndex)) {
+	switch(v_textureIndex) {
 		case 0:  break; // Texture unit 0 is reserved for no texture
 		// case 1: textureColor.a = 1; break;
 		case 1:  textureColor.a = alpha(texture(u_textures[1], v_textureCoordinates).a); break;

assets/glsl/batch-font.vert

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
 layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
 layout(location = 2) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
-layout(location = 3) in float a_textureIndex;
+layout(location = 3) in uint a_textureIndex;
 layout(location = 4) in float a_width;
 layout(location = 5) in float a_edge;
 layout(location = 6) in float a_borderWidth;
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ layout(location = 9) in float a_offset;
 
 out vec4 v_color;
 out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
-out flat float v_textureIndex;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
 out float v_width;
 out float v_edge;
 out float v_borderWidth;
@@ -33,7 +33,4 @@ void main()
 	v_borderColor = a_borderColor;
 	v_offset = a_offset;
 	gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
-
-	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
-	// gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
 }

assets/glsl/lightsource.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform samplerCube u_textures[32];
+
+void main()
+{
+	// Prevent u_textures variable from getting optimized away
+	if (texture(u_textures[0], vec3(0.0f)).x > 99999.0f) { discard; }
+
+	color = v_color;
+}

assets/glsl/lightsource.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 2) in uint a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec3 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera
+{
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_position;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Camera projection * Camera view * Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = u_projectionView * vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/post-process.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+
+in vec4 v_color;
+in vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+in flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+uniform sampler2D u_textures[32];
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera {
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+struct DirectionalLight {
+	vec3 direction;
+
+	vec3 ambient;
+	vec3 diffuse;
+	vec3 specular;
+};
+
+const int MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS = 4;
+layout(std430, binding = 0) buffer DirectionalLights {
+	DirectionalLight u_directionalLight[MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS];
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void main()
+{
+	float isObject = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 1], v_textureCoordinates).a;
+	if (isObject == 0.0f) {
+		color = vec4(0,0,0,0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	vec3 albedo    = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 0], v_textureCoordinates).rgb;
+	float specular = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 0], v_textureCoordinates).a;
+	vec3 position  = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 1], v_textureCoordinates).rgb;
+	vec3 normal    = texture(u_textures[v_textureIndex + 2], v_textureCoordinates).rgb;
+
+
+	vec3 lighting = vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);//albedo * v_color.xyz;
+	vec3 viewDirection = normalize(u_position - position);
+
+	// Loop through all directional lights
+	for (int i = 0; i < MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS; ++i) {
+		// Diffuse
+		vec3 lightDirection = normalize(-u_directionalLight[i].direction);
+		float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0.0f);
+
+		// Specular
+		vec3 reflectionDirection = reflect(-lightDirection, normal);
+		float specular = pow(max(dot(viewDirection, reflectionDirection), 0.0f), 32);
+
+		lighting +=
+			(albedo * u_directionalLight[i].ambient) +
+			(albedo * diffuse * u_directionalLight[i].diffuse) +
+			(specular * u_directionalLight[i].specular);
+	}
+
+	// Loop through all point lights
+		// TODO
+		// vec3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPosition - position);
+		// float diffuse = max(dot(normal, lightDirection), 0.0f);
+		// lighting += diffuse * albedo * u_lightColor;
+
+	// Loop through all spot lights
+		// TODO
+
+	color = vec4(lighting, 1.0f);
+}

assets/glsl/post-process.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 a_color;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 a_textureCoordinates;
+layout(location = 3) in uint a_textureIndex;
+
+out vec4 v_color;
+out vec2 v_textureCoordinates;
+out flat uint v_textureIndex;
+
+layout(std140, binding = 0) uniform Camera
+{
+	mat4 u_projectionView;
+	vec3 u_position;
+};
+
+void main()
+{
+	v_color = a_color;
+	v_textureCoordinates = a_textureCoordinates;
+	v_textureIndex = a_textureIndex;
+	// Vclip = Model transform * Vlocal
+	gl_Position = vec4(a_position, 1.0f);
+}

assets/model/quad.obj

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Blender 4.2.0
+# www.blender.org
+usemtl (null)
+o Plane
+v -1.000000 -1.000000 -0.000000
+v 1.000000 -1.000000 -0.000000
+v -1.000000 1.000000 0.000000
+v 1.000000 1.000000 0.000000
+vn -0.0000 -0.0000 1.0000
+vt 0.000000 0.000000
+vt 1.000000 0.000000
+vt 1.000000 1.000000
+vt 0.000000 1.000000
+s 0
+f 1/1/1 2/2/1 4/3/1 3/4/1

assets/scene/scene1.json

@@ -1,50 +1,116 @@
 {
 	"init": "assets/lua/scene1-init.lua",
-	"camera": {
-		"name": "Camera",
-		"translate": [ 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ],
-		"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 ],
-		"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
-		"type": "perspective",
-		"script": {
-			"type": "lua",
-			"name": "assets/lua/cameracontroller.lua"
+	"entities": [
+		{
+			"id": { "id": 12312312 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Camera" },
+			"transform" : {
+				"translate": [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+				"rotate": [0.0, 0.0, -1.0],
+				"scale": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
+			},
+			"camera": { "type": "perspective" },
+			"lua-scripts": [
+				{ "path": "assets/lua/cameracontroller.lua" }
+			]
+		},
+		{
+			"id": { "id": 212563732 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Skybox" },
+			"transform" : {
+				"translate": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+				"rotate": [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+				"scale": [100.0, 100.0, 100.0]
+			},
+			"cubemap": {
+				"color": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+				"texture": "assets/gfx/skybox.jpg"
 			}
 		},
-	"quad": [
 		{
-			"name": "Quad",
+			"id": { "id": 564564564 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Quad" },
+			"transform" : {
 				"translate": [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ],
 				"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ],
-			"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+				"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+			},
+			"model": {
 				"color": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+				"model": "assets/model/quad.obj",
 				"texture": "assets/gfx/test.png"
+			}
 		},
 		{
-			"name": "Quad 2",
-			"translate": [ 1.1, 0.0, 0.0 ],
+			"id": { "id": 97897897 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Quad 2" },
+			"transform" : {
+				"translate": [ 2.5, 0.0, 0.0 ],
 				"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ],
-			"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+				"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+			},
+			"model": {
 				"color": [ 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 ],
+				"model": "assets/model/quad.obj",
 				"texture": "assets/gfx/test.png"
+			}
 		},
 		{
-			"name": "Quad 3",
-			"translate": [ 2.2, 0.0, 0.0 ],
-			"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ],
-			"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+			"id": { "id": 3424242 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Quad 3" },
+			"transform" : {
+				"translate": [ 5.0, 1.0, 0.0 ],
+				"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, -20.0 ],
+				"scale": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+			},
+			"model": {
 				"color": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+				"model": "assets/model/quad.obj",
+				"texture": "assets/gfx/test-inverted.png"
+			},
+			"children": [
+				{
+					"id": { "id": 4345472 },
+					"tag": { "tag": "Quad 4" },
+					"transform" : {
+						"translate": [ 1.7, 0.0, 0.0 ],
+						"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ],
+						"scale": [ 0.5, 0.5, 1.0 ]
+					},
+					"model": {
+						"color": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+						"model": "assets/model/quad.obj",
+						"texture": "assets/gfx/test-inverted.png"
+					},
+					"children": [
+						{
+							"id": { "id": 5234723 },
+							"tag": { "tag": "Quad 5" },
+							"transform" : {
+								"translate": [ 2.0, 0.0, 0.0 ],
+								"rotate": [ 0.0, 0.0, -20.0 ],
+								"scale": [ 0.5, 0.5, 1.0 ]
+							},
+							"model": {
+								"color": [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ],
+								"model": "assets/model/quad.obj",
 								"texture": "assets/gfx/test-inverted.png"
 							}
-	],
-	"text": [
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			]
+		},
 		{
-			"name": "Text",
-			"content": "HelloWorld!",
-			"font": "assets/fnt/dejavu-sans",
-			"font-size": 0,
-			"width": 150,
-			"lines": 3
+			"id": { "id": 675754 },
+			"tag": { "tag": "Text" },
+			"text": {
+				"content": "Hello World!",
+				"font": "assets/fnt/open-sans",
+				"font-size": 24,
+				"line-spacing": 1.0,
+				"width": 150
+			}
 		}
 	]
 }

assets/settings.json

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 		"fullscreen": "windowed",
 		"height": 720,
 		"title": "Inferno",
-		"vsync": true,
+		"vsync": false,
 		"width": 1280
 	}
 }

doc/README.org

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#+TITLE: Documentation
+#+AUTHOR: Riyyi
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: toc:nil
+
+Topics:
+
+- [[./shaders.org][Shaders]]
+- [[./references.org][References]]

doc/memory-layout.org

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+#+TITLE: Memory Layout
+#+AUTHOR: Riyyi
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: toc:nil
+
+This chapter is about the memory layout of interface blocks in GLSL.
+An interface block is a group of variables, a struct if you will.
+
+There are 4 types of memory layouts that can be used, where the first two aren't
+widely used as those are implementation dependent and require querying the
+OpenGL API for memory offsets.
+
+- packed
+- shared
+- std140
+- std430
+
+** std140
+
+This type is usable in Uniform Buffer Objects (=UBO=) and Shader Storage Buffer
+Objects (=SSBO=).
+
+** std430
+
+This type is only usable in Shader Storage Buffer Objects (=SSBO=).
+
+Main points:
+- Memory is organized into chunks.
+- One chunk has 4 slots, 4 bytes per slot.
+- Can't fit? Move to next chunk.
+- An interface block is at least the size of 1 chunk.
+
+The rules:
+
+- Scalar =bool=, =int=, =uint=, =float=, and =double=
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Both the size and alignment are the size of the scalar in basic machine types
+(e.g., sizeof(GLfloat))
+#+END_SRC
+
+- Two-componment Vectors (e.g., =ivec2=)
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Both the size and alignment are twice the size of the underlying scalar type.
+#+END_SRC
+
+- Three-component Vectors (e.g., =vec3=) and Four-component Vectors (e.g., =vec4=)
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Both the size and alignment are four times the size of the scalar type. However,
+this is only true when the member is part of an array or nested structure
+#+END_SRC
+
+- Array of Scalars and Vectors
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+The size of each element in the array will be the same size of the element type,
+where three-component vectors are rounded up to the size four-component
+vectors. This is also the array's alignment. The array's size will be the
+element size times the number of elements.
+#+END_SRC
+
+- Column-major matrix or an array of column-major matrices of size C columns and R rows
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Same layout as an array of N vectors each with R components, where N is the
+total number of columns present.
+#+END_SRC
+
+- Row-major matrix or an array of row-major matrices of size R rows and C columns
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Same layout as an array of N vectors each with C components, where N is the
+total number of rows present.
+#+END_SRC
+
+Both =GLSL= and the =GLM= math library we're using have column-major matrices!
+
+- Single-structure definition or an array of structures
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Structure alignment is the same as the alignment of the biggest structure
+member, where three-component vectors are rounded up to the size of
+four-component vectors. Each structure will start on this alignment, and its
+size will be the space neeeded by its members, according to the previous rules,
+rounded up to a multiple of the structure alignment.
+#+END_SRC
+
+All of the examples described in the following segments are verified by querying
+the OpenGL API.
+
+*** Scalars
+
+These types take up 1 (or 2 with =double=) slot and can appear after anything.
+In the example below you can see that due to the larger alignment, the ~double~
+is forced to the next chunk.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+bool      a; //   4       4            0
+int       b; //   4       4            4
+uint      c; //   4       4            8
+double    d; //   8       8           16
+float     e; //   4       4           24
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][b][c][ ] #1
+[d][d][e][ ] #2
+#+END_SRC
+
+*** Two-component Vectors
+
+**** Float
+
+A Vec2 takes up 2 slots, so will be in the first or last half of a chunk.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+vec2      a; //   8       8            0
+float     b; //   4       4            8
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][a][b][ ] #1
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float     a; //   4       4            0
+vec2      b; //   8       8            8
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][b][b] #1
+#+END_SRC
+
+**** Double
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float     a; //   4       4            0
+dvec2     b; //  16      16           16
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][ ][ ] #1
+[b][b][b][b] #2
+#+END_SRC
+
+*** Three-component and Four-component Vectors
+
+A Vec3 takes up 3 slots, the alignment is 4 slots so only fits at the start of a
+chunk.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+vec3      a; //  12      16            0
+float     b; //   4       4           12
+vec4      c; //  16      16           16
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][a][a][b] #1
+[c][c][c][c] #2
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float     a; //   4       4            0
+vec3      b; //  12      16           16
+vec4      c; //  16      16           32
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][ ][ ] #1
+[b][b][b][ ] #2
+[c][c][c][c] #3
+#+END_SRC
+
+*** Array of Scalars and Vectors
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float[3]  a; //  12       4            0
+float     b; //   4       4           12
+float     c; //   4       4           16
+float[3]  d; //  12       4           20
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][a][a][b] #1
+[c][d][d][d] #1
+#+END_SRC
+
+*Note* the optimizations in the alignment and strides are not applicable to
+~vec3~ elements, these remain unchanged from =std140=.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float     a; //   4       4            0
+vec3[3]   b; //  48      16           16
+float     c; //   4       4           64
+float     d; //   4       4           68
+vec2[2]   e; //  16       8           72
+float     f; //   4       4           88
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][ ][ ] #1, offset:  0
+[b][b][b][ ] #2, offset: 16
+[b][b][b][ ] #3, offset: 32
+[b][b][b][ ] #4, offset: 48
+[c][d][e][e] #5, offset: 64
+[e][e][f][ ] #6, offset: 80
+#+END_SRC
+
+*Note* the offset needs to be a multiple of the alignment, forcing an entire
+empty chunk in the example below.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float     a; //   4       4             0
+dvec2[2]  b; //  32      16            16
+dvec3[2]  c; //  64      32            64
+float     d; //   4       4           128
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][ ][ ] #1, offset:   0
+[d][d][d][d] #2, offset:  16
+[d][d][d][d] #3, offset:  32
+[ ][ ][ ][ ] #4, offset:  48
+[c][c][c][c] #5, offset:  64
+[c][c][ ][ ] #6, offset:  80
+[c][c][c][c] #7, offset:  96
+[c][c][ ][ ] #8, offset: 112
+[d][ ][ ][ ] #9, offset: 128
+#+END_SRC
+
+*** Matrices
+
+Alignment is the same as an array of 1 “row” of the matrix.
+No padding between the “rows” of a matrix, but will pad at the end.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+float     a; //   4       4             0
+mat2      b; //  16       8             8
+vec2      c; //   4       4            24
+float     d; //   4       4            32
+mat2[2]   e; //  32       8            40
+float     f; //   4       4            72
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][b][b] #1, offset:   0
+[b][b][c][c] #2, offset:  16
+[d][ ][e][e] #3, offset:  32
+[e][e][e][e] #4, offset:  48
+[e][e][f][ ] #5, offset:  64
+#+END_SRC
+
+TODO: Add more examples
+
+*** Structs
+
+Alignment same as biggest struct member. Size is the size of all members,
+rounded up to a multiple of the alignment.
+
+In the example below you can see that the ~Stuff~ struct, including padding
+between members, is 20 bytes in size. To make that a multiple of the alignment
+additional padding needs to be put at the end, to make the total size 24 bytes.
+
+Each element in the array of structs will apply the alignment again, as seen
+with ~Stuff[1].a~.
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC glsl
+struct Stuff {
+	float a;
+	vec2 b;
+	float c;
+};
+
+//        Var    Size    Alignment    Offset
+Stuff     a; //  20       8
+        a.a; //   4       4            0
+        a.b; //   8       8            8
+        a.c; //   4       4           16
+float     b; //   4       4           24
+Stuff[2]  c; //  44       8
+        c.a; //   4       4           32
+        c.b; //   8       8           40
+        c.c; //   4       4           48
+float     d; //   4       4           80
+#+END_SRC
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC
+Chunks:
+[a][ ][a][a] #1, offset:   0
+[a][ ][b][ ] #2, offset:  16
+[c][ ][c][c] #3, offset:  32
+[c][ ][c][ ] #4, offset:  48
+[c][c][c][ ] #5, offset:  64
+[d][ ][ ][ ] #6, offset:  80
+#+END_SRC
+
+TODO: Add more examples
+
+* References
+
+- https://learnopengl.com/Advanced-OpenGL/Advanced-GLSL
+- https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Interface_Block_(GLSL)#Memory_layout
+- [[https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/opengl-programming-guide/9780132748445/app09lev1sec2.html][The std140 Layout Rules]]
+- [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPvbRko9lBg][(YouTube) WebGL 2: Uniform Buffer Objects]]

doc/references.org

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

doc/shaders.org

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#+TITLE: Shaders
+#+AUTHOR: Riyyi
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: toc:nil
+
+Topics:
+
+- [[./memory-layout.org][Memory Layout]]

example/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ file(GLOB_RECURSE GAME_SOURCES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/*.cpp")
 
 add_executable(${GAME} ${GAME_SOURCES})
 target_include_directories(${GAME} PRIVATE
-	"src"
-	"${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src"
-	"${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/vendor/ruc/src")
+	"src")
 target_link_libraries(${GAME} ${ENGINE})
+target_compile_options(${GAME} PRIVATE ${COMPILE_FLAGS_PROJECT})
 
 target_precompile_headers(${GAME} REUSE_FROM ${ENGINE})
 
@@ -25,5 +24,5 @@ target_precompile_headers(${GAME} REUSE_FROM ${ENGINE})
 # Add 'make run' target
 add_custom_target(run
     COMMAND ${GAME}
-	WORKING_DIRECTORY ".."
-)
+	WORKING_DIRECTORY "..")
+add_dependencies(run ${ENGINE})

example/src/cameracontroller.cpp

@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 #include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/io/input.h"
 #include "inferno/keycodes.h"
-#include "inferno/script/cameracontroller.h"
 
-namespace Inferno {
+#include "cameracontroller.h"
+
+namespace example {
 
 void CameraController::updateOrthographic(float deltaTime)
 {
@@ -20,10 +21,10 @@ void CameraController::updateOrthographic(float deltaTime)
 
 	float cameraRotateSpeed = ROTATE_SPEED * deltaTime;
 
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_Q"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_Q"))) {
 		transform->rotate.z -= cameraRotateSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_E"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_E"))) {
 		transform->rotate.z += cameraRotateSpeed;
 	}
 
@@ -39,19 +40,19 @@ void CameraController::updateOrthographic(float deltaTime)
 	float cameraTranslateSpeed = TRANSLATE_SPEED * deltaTime;
 
 	// WASD movement
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_W"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_W"))) {
 		transform->translate.x += -sin(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 		transform->translate.y += cos(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_S"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_S"))) {
 		transform->translate.x -= -sin(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 		transform->translate.y -= cos(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_A"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_A"))) {
 		transform->translate.x -= cos(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 		transform->translate.y -= sin(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_D"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_D"))) {
 		transform->translate.x += cos(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 		transform->translate.y += sin(glm::radians(transform->rotate.z)) * cameraTranslateSpeed;
 	}
@@ -60,10 +61,10 @@ void CameraController::updateOrthographic(float deltaTime)
 
 	float zoomSpeed = ZOOM_SENSITIVITY * deltaTime;
 
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_EQUAL"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_EQUAL"))) {
 		m_camera->zoomLevel -= zoomSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_MINUS"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_MINUS"))) {
 		m_camera->zoomLevel += zoomSpeed;
 	}
 	m_camera->zoomLevel = std::max(m_camera->zoomLevel, 0.25f);
@@ -73,8 +74,8 @@ void CameraController::updateOrthographic(float deltaTime)
 void CameraController::updatePerspective(float deltaTime)
 {
 	// Get mouse movement offset compared to last frame
-	float xOffset = Input::getXOffset() * MOUSE_SENSITIVITY;
-	float yOffset = Input::getYOffset() * MOUSE_SENSITIVITY;
+	float xOffset = Inferno::Input::getXOffset() * MOUSE_SENSITIVITY;
+	float yOffset = Inferno::Input::getYOffset() * MOUSE_SENSITIVITY;
 	m_camera->yaw += xOffset;
 	m_camera->pitch += yOffset;
 
@@ -107,24 +108,25 @@ void CameraController::updatePerspective(float deltaTime)
 	float cameraSpeed = TRANSLATE_SPEED * deltaTime;
 
 	// WASD movement
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_W"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_W"))) {
 		transform->translate += transform->rotate * cameraSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_S"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_S"))) {
 		transform->translate -= transform->rotate * cameraSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_A"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_A"))) {
 		transform->translate -= glm::normalize(glm::cross(transform->rotate, m_camera->up)) * cameraSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_D"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_D"))) {
 		transform->translate += glm::normalize(glm::cross(transform->rotate, m_camera->up)) * cameraSpeed;
 	}
 	// Up / down movement
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_SPACE"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_SPACE"))) {
 		transform->translate.y += cameraSpeed;
 	}
-	if (Input::isKeyPressed(keyCode("GLFW_KEY_LEFT_SHIFT"))) {
+	if (Inferno::Input::isKeyPressed(Inferno::keyCode("GLFW_KEY_LEFT_SHIFT"))) {
 		transform->translate.y -= cameraSpeed;
 	}
 }
-} // namespace Inferno
+
+} // namespace example

example/src/cameracontroller.h

@@ -14,20 +14,18 @@
 #define ZOOM_SENSITIVITY 2.5f
 #define MOUSE_SENSITIVITY 0.25f
 
-namespace Inferno {
+namespace example {
 
-struct CameraComponent;
-
-class CameraController final : public NativeScript {
+class CameraController final : public Inferno::NativeScript {
 public:
 	virtual void update(float deltaTime) override
 	{
-		m_camera = &getComponent<CameraComponent>();
+		m_camera = &getComponent<Inferno::CameraComponent>();
 
-		if (m_camera->type == CameraType::Orthographic) {
+		if (m_camera->type == Inferno::CameraType::Orthographic) {
 			updateOrthographic(deltaTime);
 		}
-		else if (m_camera->type == CameraType::Perspective) {
+		else if (m_camera->type == Inferno::CameraType::Perspective) {
 			updatePerspective(deltaTime);
 		}
 	}
@@ -36,7 +34,9 @@ public:
 	void updatePerspective(float deltaTime);
 
 private:
-	CameraComponent* m_camera { nullptr };
+	Inferno::CameraComponent* m_camera { nullptr };
 };
 
-} // namespace Inferno
+BIND_NATIVE(CameraController);
+
+} // namespace example

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 file(GLOB_RECURSE ENGINE_SOURCES "${ENGINE}/*.cpp")
 
 add_library(${ENGINE} ${ENGINE_SOURCES})
-target_include_directories(${ENGINE} PRIVATE
+target_include_directories(${ENGINE} PUBLIC
 	"."
 	"../vendor/entt/src"
-	"../vendor/glad/include"
 	"../vendor/glfw/include"
 	"../vendor/glm"
 	"../vendor/json/include"
-	"../vendor/lua"
-	"../vendor/ruc/src"
 	"../vendor/sol2/include"
 	"../vendor/stb")
 target_link_libraries(${ENGINE} ${ENGINE}-dependencies)
+target_compile_options(${ENGINE} PRIVATE ${COMPILE_FLAGS_PROJECT})
 
 # ------------------------------------------
 

src/inferno/application.cpp

@@ -1,29 +1,35 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <utility> // std::pair
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp"
 #include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp" // glm::make_mat4
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 #include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
 
 #include "inferno/application.h"
+#include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/core.h"
 #include "inferno/event/applicationevent.h"
 #include "inferno/event/event.h"
 #include "inferno/event/keyevent.h"
 #include "inferno/event/mouseevent.h"
-// #include "inferno/io/gltffile.h"
 #include "inferno/io/input.h"
 #include "inferno/keycodes.h"
 #include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
 #include "inferno/render/context.h"
-#include "inferno/render/font.h"
+#include "inferno/render/framebuffer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h"
+#include "inferno/system/rendersystem.h"
 // #include "inferno/render/gltf.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/shader.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+#include "inferno/render/render-command.h"
 #include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
-#include "inferno/render/shader.h"
-#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
 #include "inferno/scene/scene.h"
 #include "inferno/settings.h"
 #include "inferno/time.h"
@@ -48,12 +54,11 @@ Application::Application()
 
 	Input::initialize();
 	RenderCommand::initialize();
+	RenderSystem::the().initialize(m_window->getWidth(), m_window->getHeight());
 
 	m_scene = std::make_shared<Scene>();
 	m_scene->initialize();
 
-	// Load assets
-
 	// m_font = FontManager::the().load("assets/fnt/dejavu-sans");
 
 	// auto bla = GlTFFile::read("assets/gltf/box.glb");
@@ -74,13 +79,16 @@ Application::Application()
 Application::~Application()
 {
 	m_scene->destroy();
+	Uniformbuffer::destroy();
 
-	FontManager::destroy();
-	RendererCharacter::destroy();
+	RendererFont::destroy();
 	Renderer2D::destroy();
+	Renderer3D::destroy();
+	RendererCubemap::destroy();
+	RendererPostProcess::destroy();
+	RendererLightCube::destroy();
 	RenderCommand::destroy();
-	TextureManager::destroy();
-	ShaderManager::destroy();
+	AssetManager::destroy();
 	// Input::destroy();
 
 	Settings::destroy();
@@ -142,13 +150,20 @@ int Application::run()
 	// offset
 #endif
 
+	double gametime = 0;
+	uint64_t frames = 0;
+
 	while (!m_window->shouldClose()) {
 
 		float time = Time::time();
 		float deltaTime = time - m_lastFrameTime;
 		m_lastFrameTime = time;
-		// ruc::debug("Frametime " << deltaTime * 1000 << "ms");
+		// ruc::debug("Frametime {}ms", deltaTime * 1000);
 
+		gametime += deltaTime;
+		frames++;
+
+		// ---------------------------------
 		// Update
 
 		update();
@@ -157,27 +172,18 @@ int Application::run()
 		m_window->update();
 		m_scene->update(deltaTime);
 
+		// ---------------------------------
 		// Render
 
-		render();
-
-		RenderCommand::clearColor({ 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f });
-		RenderCommand::clear();
-
-		Renderer2D::the().beginScene(m_scene->cameraProjectionView()); // camera, lights, environment
-		RendererCharacter::the().beginScene();
-
 		m_scene->render();
-		// RendererCharacter::the().drawCharacter(character, f->texture());
-
-		Renderer2D::the().endScene();
-		RendererCharacter::the().endScene();
 
 		m_window->render();
 	}
 
 	ruc::debug("Application shutdown");
 
+	ruc::debug("Average frametime: {:.2f}ms", (gametime / frames) * 1000);
+
 	return m_status;
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ bool Application::onWindowResize(WindowResizeEvent& e)
 {
 	ruc::info("WindowResizeEvent {}x{}", e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
 
-	RenderCommand::setViewport(0, 0, e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
+	RenderSystem::the().resize(e.getWidth(), e.getHeight());
 
 	return true;
 }
@@ -220,6 +226,11 @@ bool Application::onKeyPress(KeyPressEvent& e)
 		m_window->setShouldClose(true);
 	}
 
+	if (e.getKey() == keyCode("GLFW_KEY_F12")) {
+		ruc::info("Taking screenshot..");
+		Texture::saveScreenshotPNG("screenshot.png", m_window->getWidth(), m_window->getHeight());
+	}
+
 	return true;
 }
 

src/inferno/application.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@
 
 #include <memory> // std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr
 
-#include "ruc/singleton.h"
-
 namespace Inferno {
 
 class Event;
 class Font;
+class Framebuffer;
 class KeyPressEvent;
 class MousePositionEvent;
 class Scene;
 class Window;
 class WindowCloseEvent;
 class WindowResizeEvent;
+struct TransformComponent;
 
 class Application {
 public:
@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ public:
 	virtual bool onKeyPress(KeyPressEvent& e);
 	virtual bool onMousePosition(MousePositionEvent& e);
 
-	inline void setStatus(int status) { m_status = status; }
+	void setStatus(int status) { m_status = status; }
 
-	inline Window& window() const { return *m_window; }
+	Scene& scene() const { return *m_scene; }
+	Window& window() const { return *m_window; }
 
 	static Application& the() { return *s_instance; }
 

src/inferno/asset/asset-manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <memory> // std::shared_ptr, std::static_pointer_cast
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "ruc/format/log.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/shader.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+AssetManager::AssetManager(s)
+{
+	ruc::info("AssetManager initialized");
+}
+
+AssetManager::~AssetManager()
+{
+}
+
+void AssetManager::add(std::string_view path, std::shared_ptr<Asset> asset)
+{
+	// Construct (key, value) pair and insert it into the unordered_map
+	auto stringPath = std::string(path.begin(), path.end());
+	m_assetList.emplace(std::move(stringPath), std::move(asset));
+}
+
+bool AssetManager::exists(std::string_view path)
+{
+	return m_assetList.find(path.data()) != m_assetList.end();
+}
+
+std::nullptr_t AssetManager::remove(std::string_view path)
+{
+	if (exists(path)) {
+		m_assetList.erase(path.data());
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::nullptr_t AssetManager::remove(std::shared_ptr<Asset> asset)
+{
+	if (exists(asset->path())) {
+		m_assetList.erase(asset->path());
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/asset/asset-manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // std::nullptr_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility> // std::forward
+
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/types.h"
+#include "ruc/singleton.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+class Asset {
+public:
+	virtual ~Asset() = default;
+
+	std::string path() const { return m_path; }
+
+	// -------------------------------------
+
+	std::string className() const { return typeid(*this).name(); }
+
+	template<typename T>
+	bool fastIs() const = delete;
+
+	virtual bool isFont() const { return false; }
+	virtual bool isModel() const { return false; }
+	virtual bool isShader() const { return false; }
+	virtual bool isTexture() const { return false; }
+	virtual bool isTexture2D() const { return false; }
+	virtual bool isTextureCubemap() const { return false; }
+	virtual bool isTextureFramebuffer() const { return false; }
+
+protected:
+	Asset(std::string_view path)
+		: m_path(std::string(path.begin(), path.end()))
+	{
+	}
+
+protected:
+	std::string m_path;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+template<typename T>
+concept IsAsset = std::same_as<Asset, T> || std::derived_from<T, Asset>;
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+class AssetManager : public ruc::Singleton<AssetManager> {
+public:
+	AssetManager(s);
+	virtual ~AssetManager();
+
+	void add(std::string_view path, std::shared_ptr<Asset> asset);
+	bool exists(std::string_view path);
+	std::nullptr_t remove(std::string_view path);
+	std::nullptr_t remove(std::shared_ptr<Asset> asset);
+
+	template<IsAsset T>
+	std::shared_ptr<T> get(std::string_view path)
+	{
+		if (!exists(path)) {
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+
+		auto asset = m_assetList.at(path.data());
+		VERIFY(is<T>(asset.get()), "expected asset {}, got {}", typeid(T).name(), asset->className());
+		return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(asset);
+	}
+
+	template<IsAsset T, typename... Args>
+	std::shared_ptr<T> load(std::string_view path, Args&&... args)
+	{
+		if (exists(path)) {
+			return get<T>(path);
+		}
+
+		auto asset = T::create(path, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		add(path, asset);
+		return asset;
+	}
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Asset>> m_assetList;
+};
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/asset/font.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022-2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <array>    // std::array
+#include <charconv> // std;:from_chars
+#include <cstdint>  // int32_t, uint32_t
+#include <ranges>   // std::views::split
+#include <string>   // std::getline
+
+#include "ruc/file.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/concepts.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/font.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+std::shared_ptr<Font> Font::create(std::string_view path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Font>(new Font(path));
+
+	auto stringPath = std::string(path);
+	std::string file = stringPath + ".fnt";
+	std::string image = stringPath + ".png";
+
+	std::string font = ruc::File(file).data();
+	result->parseFont(font);
+
+	result->m_texture = Texture2D::create(image);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+// TODO: Move this to ruc
+template<Integral T>
+static T convert(std::string_view value)
+{
+	T tmp;
+	std::from_chars(value.data(), value.data() + value.size(), tmp);
+	return tmp;
+}
+
+void Font::parseFont(const std::string& font)
+{
+	std::istringstream iss(font);
+	for (std::string line; std::getline(iss, line);) {
+		std::string action = findAction(line);
+		const std::vector<std::string> columns = findColumns(line);
+
+		// Info
+		// ---------------------------------
+
+		if (action.compare("info") == 0) {
+			m_size = convert<unsigned char>(findValue("size", columns));
+			auto paddings = findValue("padding", columns) | std::views::split(',');
+			size_t i = 0;
+			for (const auto& padding : paddings) {
+				// top, right, bottom, left
+				m_padding[i++] = convert<uint32_t>(padding.data()) - PADDING;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Common
+		// ---------------------------------
+
+		if (action.compare("common") == 0) {
+			m_lineSpacing = convert<uint32_t>(findValue("lineHeight", columns)) - m_padding[Padding::Top] - m_padding[Padding::Bottom];
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Symbol
+		// ---------------------------------
+
+		if (action.compare("char") == 0) {
+			auto id = convert<char>(findValue("id", columns));
+			auto width = convert<uint32_t>(findValue("width", columns));
+			auto height = convert<uint32_t>(findValue("height", columns));
+			Symbol symbol = {
+				.id = id,
+				.position = {
+					convert<uint32_t>(findValue("x", columns)) + m_padding[Padding::Left],
+					convert<uint32_t>(findValue("y", columns)) + m_padding[Padding::Top],
+				},
+				.size = {
+					width == 0 ? 0 : width - m_padding[Padding::Left] - m_padding[Padding::Right],
+					height == 0 ? 0 : height - m_padding[Padding::Top] - m_padding[Padding::Bottom],
+				},
+				.offset = {
+					convert<int32_t>(findValue("xoffset", columns)) + m_padding[Padding::Left],
+					convert<int32_t>(findValue("yoffset", columns)) + m_padding[Padding::Top],
+				},
+				.advance = convert<uint32_t>(findValue("xadvance", columns)) - m_padding[Padding::Left] - m_padding[Padding::Right]
+			};
+
+			m_symbolList.emplace(id, std::make_shared<Symbol>(symbol));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// Kerning
+		// ---------------------------------
+
+		if (action.compare("kerning") == 0) {
+			unsigned char first = convert<unsigned char>(findValue("first", columns));
+			unsigned char second = convert<unsigned char>(findValue("second", columns));
+			char amount = convert<char>(findValue("amount", columns));
+
+			// Add the kerning of the previous symbol to this symbol
+			if (m_symbolList.find(second) != m_symbolList.end()) {
+				auto symbol = m_symbolList.at(second);
+				symbol->kernings.emplace(first, amount);
+			}
+
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+std::string Font::findAction(const std::string& line) const
+{
+	return line.substr(0, line.find(" "));
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> Font::findColumns(const std::string& line) const
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> elements;
+
+	size_t index = 0;
+	size_t find = 0;
+	size_t findFirstNotOf = 0;
+	// Loop over line symbols
+	while (find != std::string::npos) {
+		find = line.find(" ", index);
+		findFirstNotOf = line.find_first_not_of(" ", index);
+
+		// Add element
+		if (find > findFirstNotOf) {
+			elements.push_back(line.substr(index, find - findFirstNotOf));
+			index += 1 + find - findFirstNotOf;
+		}
+		// Skip double spaces
+		else {
+			index = findFirstNotOf;
+		}
+	}
+
+	VERIFY(!elements.empty(), "Font file did not find any columns");
+	return elements;
+}
+
+std::string Font::findValue(const std::string& key, const std::vector<std::string>& columns) const
+{
+	size_t find = 0;
+	// Loop over columns
+	for (auto& column : columns) {
+		find = column.find(key + "=");
+		if (find != std::string::npos) {
+			return column.substr(key.length() + 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	VERIFY(false, "Font file did not contain key '{}'", key);
+	return "";
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::ivec2>::format(Builder& builder, glm::ivec2 value) const
+{
+	return Formatter<std::vector<int32_t>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y });
+}

src/inferno/asset/font.h

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022-2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>   // std::array
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+#include <string>  // std::string
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map> // std::unordered_map
+#include <vector>        // std::vector
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_int2.hpp"  // glm::ivec2
+#include "glm/ext/vector_uint2.hpp" // glm::uvec2
+#include "ruc/format/format.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+
+#define PADDING 3
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+class Texture;
+
+struct Symbol {
+	char id;                                          // Symbol
+	glm::uvec2 position;                              // Position
+	glm::uvec2 size;                                  // Width/height
+	glm::ivec2 offset;                                // Offset from baseline to left / top of glyph
+	uint32_t advance;                                 // Amount to advance to next glyph
+	std::unordered_map<unsigned char, char> kernings; // Kernings for symbols that come before this one
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class Font final : public Asset {
+public:
+	virtual ~Font() {}
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Font> create(std::string_view path);
+
+	enum Padding {
+		Top = 0,
+		Right,
+		Bottom,
+		Left,
+	};
+
+	inline uint32_t size() const { return m_size; }
+	inline uint32_t lineSpacing() const { return m_lineSpacing; }
+	inline std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture() const { return m_texture; }
+
+	inline std::shared_ptr<Symbol> get(unsigned char c) const { return m_symbolList.at(c); }
+	inline std::shared_ptr<Symbol> operator[](unsigned char c) const { return m_symbolList.at(c); }
+
+private:
+	Font(std::string_view path)
+		: Asset(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+	void parseFont(const std::string& font);
+	std::string findAction(const std::string& line) const;
+	std::vector<std::string> findColumns(const std::string& line) const;
+	std::string findValue(const std::string& key, const std::vector<std::string>& columns) const;
+
+	virtual bool isFont() const override { return true; }
+
+private:
+	unsigned char m_size = { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_lineSpacing = { 0 };
+	std::array<uint32_t, 4> m_padding = { 0 };
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture> m_texture;
+	std::unordered_map<unsigned char, std::shared_ptr<Symbol>> m_symbolList;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+// clang-format off
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<Font>() const { return isFont(); }
+// clang-format on
+
+} // namespace Inferno
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::ivec2> : Formatter<std::vector<int32_t>> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::ivec2 value) const;
+};
+
+// FontManager fm;
+// Font f = fm.load("path/to/font");
+// Font f2("path/to/font");
+// Symbol c = f['a'];
+
+// Look into using signed distance fields for texture map generation ? anti-aliasing for text
+// https://youtu.be/d8cfgcJR9Tk

src/inferno/asset/model.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+
+#include "assimp/Importer.hpp"
+#include "assimp/mesh.h"
+#include "assimp/postprocess.h"
+#include "assimp/scene.h"
+#include "assimp/texture.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/model.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+std::shared_ptr<Model> Model::create(std::string_view path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Model>(new Model(path));
+
+	Assimp::Importer importer; // importer destructor uses RAII cleanup
+	importer.SetPropertyInteger(AI_CONFIG_PP_SBP_REMOVE, aiPrimitiveType_POINT | aiPrimitiveType_LINE);
+	const aiScene* scene = importer.ReadFile(
+		path.data(),
+		aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | aiProcess_SortByPType);
+
+	VERIFY(scene != nullptr && (scene->mFlags & AI_SCENE_FLAGS_INCOMPLETE) == 0 && scene->mRootNode != nullptr,
+	       "assimp loading file failed: {}", importer.GetErrorString());
+
+	processScene(result, scene);
+	processNode(result, scene->mRootNode, scene);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+void Model::processScene(std::shared_ptr<Model> model, const aiScene* scene)
+{
+	VERIFY(scene->HasMeshes(), "malformed model");
+	VERIFY(scene->mNumTextures < 2, "unsupported model type: {}/1", scene->mNumTextures);
+
+	if (scene->mNumTextures == 1) {
+		aiTexture* texture = scene->mTextures[0];
+		model->m_texture = Texture2D::create(texture);
+	}
+}
+
+void Model::processNode(std::shared_ptr<Model> model, aiNode* node, const aiScene* scene)
+{
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < node->mNumMeshes; ++i) {
+		aiMesh* mesh = scene->mMeshes[node->mMeshes[i]];
+		processMesh(model, mesh, scene, node->mTransformation);
+	}
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < node->mNumChildren; ++i) {
+		processNode(model, node->mChildren[i], scene);
+	}
+}
+
+void Model::processMesh(std::shared_ptr<Model> model, aiMesh* mesh, const aiScene* scene, aiMatrix4x4 parentTransform)
+{
+	VERIFY(mesh->HasPositions(), "malformed model");
+	VERIFY(mesh->HasNormals(), "malformed model");
+
+	// Pre-allocate memory
+	size_t startIndex = model->m_vertices.size();
+	model->m_vertices.resize(startIndex + mesh->mNumVertices);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mesh->mNumVertices; ++i) {
+		aiVector3D v = parentTransform * mesh->mVertices[i];
+		model->m_vertices[startIndex + i].position = { v.x, v.y, v.z };
+	}
+
+	// Size of vertices == size of normals
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mesh->mNumVertices; ++i) {
+		aiVector3D normal = mesh->mNormals[startIndex + i];
+		model->m_vertices[startIndex + i].normal = { normal.x, normal.y, normal.z };
+	}
+
+	if (mesh->HasTextureCoords(0)) {
+		// Size of vertices == size of texture coordinates
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mesh->mNumVertices; ++i) {
+			aiVector3D tc = mesh->mTextureCoords[0][i];
+			model->m_vertices[startIndex + i].textureCoordinates = { tc.x, tc.y };
+		}
+	}
+	// TODO: position in the texture atlas
+
+	if (mesh->HasFaces()) {
+		// Pre-allocate memory
+		size_t startIndex2 = model->m_elements.size();
+		model->m_elements.resize(startIndex2 + (mesh->mNumFaces * 3)); // assuming triangles
+
+		size_t offset = 0;
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mesh->mNumFaces; ++i) {
+			aiFace face = mesh->mFaces[i];
+			VERIFY(face.mNumIndices == 3, "unsupported face type: {}", face.mNumIndices);
+			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < face.mNumIndices; ++j, ++offset) {
+				// Indices are referenced relative to vertices[0], if there are multiple meshes,
+				// then the indices need to be offset by the total amount of vertices
+				model->m_elements[startIndex2 + (i * 3) + j] = startIndex + face.mIndices[j];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/asset/model.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint32_t
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "assimp/scene.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+#include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+class Texture2D;
+
+class Model final : public Asset {
+public:
+	virtual ~Model() {}
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Model> create(std::string_view path);
+
+	std::span<const Vertex> vertices() const { return m_vertices; }
+	std::span<const uint32_t> elements() const { return m_elements; }
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> texture() const { return m_texture; }
+
+private:
+	Model(std::string_view path)
+		: Asset(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+	static void processScene(std::shared_ptr<Model> model, const aiScene* scene);
+	static void processNode(std::shared_ptr<Model> model, aiNode* node, const aiScene* scene);
+	static void processMesh(std::shared_ptr<Model> model, aiMesh* mesh, const aiScene* scene, aiMatrix4x4 parentTransform = aiMatrix4x4());
+
+	virtual bool isModel() const override { return true; }
+
+private:
+	std::vector<Vertex> m_vertices;
+	std::vector<uint32_t> m_elements;
+	// Some file formats embed their texture
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> m_texture;
+};
+
+// clang-format off
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<Model>() const { return isModel(); }
+// clang-format on
+
+} // namespace Inferno
+
+// TODO: figure out this weird thing: https://github.com/assimp/assimp/blob/master/BUILDBINARIES_EXAMPLE.bat#L6-L10

src/inferno/asset/shader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <vector> // std::vector
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp" // glm::value_ptr
+#include "ruc/file.h"
+#include "ruc/format/log.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/shader.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+std::shared_ptr<Shader> Shader::create(std::string_view path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Shader>(new Shader(path));
+
+	// Get file contents
+	auto stringPath = std::string(path);
+	std::string vertexSrc = ruc::File(stringPath + ".vert").data();
+	std::string fragmentSrc = ruc::File(stringPath + ".frag").data();
+
+	// Compile shaders
+	uint32_t vertexID = result->compileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSrc.c_str());
+	uint32_t fragmentID = result->compileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSrc.c_str());
+
+	// Link shaders
+	if (vertexID > 0 && fragmentID > 0) {
+		result->m_id = result->linkShader(vertexID, fragmentID);
+	}
+	// Clear resources
+	else if (vertexID > 0)
+		glDeleteShader(vertexID);
+	else if (fragmentID > 0)
+		glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+Shader::~Shader()
+{
+	if (m_id > 0) {
+		glDeleteProgram(m_id);
+		m_id = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+uint32_t Shader::findUniformLocation(std::string_view name)
+{
+	// Cache uniform locations, prevent going to the GPU every call
+	if (m_uniformLocations.find(name) != m_uniformLocations.end()) {
+		return m_uniformLocations[name];
+	}
+
+	int32_t location = glGetUniformLocation(m_id, name.data());
+	VERIFY(location != -1, "Shader could not find uniform '{}'", name);
+	m_uniformLocations[name] = static_cast<uint32_t>(location);
+
+	return location;
+}
+
+void Shader::setInt(std::string_view name, int value)
+{
+	// Set uniform int
+	glUniform1i(findUniformLocation(name), value);
+}
+
+void Shader::setInt(std::string_view name, int* values, uint32_t count)
+{
+	// Set uniform int array
+	glUniform1iv(findUniformLocation(name), count, values);
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, float value)
+{
+	// Set uniform float
+	glUniform1f(findUniformLocation(name), value);
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, float v1, float v2, float v3, float v4)
+{
+	// Set uniform vec4 data
+	glUniform4f(findUniformLocation(name), v1, v2, v3, v4);
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::vec2 value)
+{
+	// Set uniform vec2 data
+	glUniform2f(findUniformLocation(name), value.x, value.y);
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::vec3 value)
+{
+	// Set uniform vec3 data
+	glUniform3f(findUniformLocation(name), value.x, value.y, value.z);
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::vec4 value)
+{
+	// Set uniform vec4 data
+	glUniform4f(findUniformLocation(name), value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w);
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::mat3 matrix)
+{
+	// Set uniform mat3 data
+	glUniformMatrix3fv(findUniformLocation(name), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(matrix));
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::mat4 matrix)
+{
+	// Set uniform mat4 data
+	glUniformMatrix4fv(findUniformLocation(name), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(matrix));
+}
+
+void Shader::bind() const
+{
+	glUseProgram(m_id);
+}
+
+void Shader::unbind() const
+{
+	glUseProgram(0);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+uint32_t Shader::compileShader(int32_t type, const char* source) const
+{
+	// Create new shader
+	uint32_t shader = 0;
+	shader = glCreateShader(type);
+	// Attach shader source to shader object
+	glShaderSource(shader, 1, &source, nullptr);
+	// Compile shader
+	glCompileShader(shader);
+
+	// Check compilation status
+	if (checkStatus(shader) == GL_TRUE) {
+		return shader;
+	}
+
+	// On fail
+	glDeleteShader(shader);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t Shader::linkShader(uint32_t vertex, uint32_t fragment) const
+{
+	// Create new shader program
+	uint32_t shaderProgram = 0;
+	shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
+	// Attach both shaders to the shader program
+	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertex);
+	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragment);
+	// Setup vertex attributes
+	glBindAttribLocation(shaderProgram, 0, "a_position");
+	// Link the shaders
+	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
+	// Clear resources
+	glDeleteShader(vertex);
+	glDeleteShader(fragment);
+
+	// Check linking status
+	if (checkStatus(shaderProgram, true) == GL_TRUE) {
+		return shaderProgram;
+	}
+
+	// On fail
+	glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t Shader::checkStatus(uint32_t check, bool isProgram) const
+{
+	int32_t success;
+	int32_t maxLength = 0;
+	std::vector<char> infoLog;
+
+	// Get the compilation/linking status
+	!isProgram
+		? glGetShaderiv(check, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success)
+		: glGetProgramiv(check, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
+
+	if (success != GL_TRUE) {
+		// Get max length of the log including \0 terminator
+		!isProgram
+			? glGetShaderiv(check, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength)
+			: glGetProgramiv(check, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
+
+		// Reserve data for the log
+		infoLog.reserve(maxLength);
+
+		// Retrieve the error message
+		!isProgram
+			? glGetShaderInfoLog(check, maxLength, nullptr, &infoLog[0])
+			: glGetProgramInfoLog(check, maxLength, nullptr, &infoLog[0]);
+
+		ruc::warn("Shader {}", infoLog.data());
+	}
+
+	VERIFY(success == GL_TRUE, "Shader program creation failed!");
+
+	return success;
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/asset/shader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "glm/fwd.hpp" // glm::mat3, glm::mat4, glm::vec2, glm::vec3
+
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+class Shader : public Asset {
+public:
+	virtual ~Shader();
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Shader> create(std::string_view path);
+
+	uint32_t findUniformLocation(std::string_view name);
+
+	void setInt(std::string_view name, int value);
+	void setInt(std::string_view name, int* values, uint32_t count);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, float value);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, float v1, float v2, float v3, float v4);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::vec2 value);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::vec3 value);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::vec4 value);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::mat3 matrix);
+	void setFloat(std::string_view name, glm::mat4 matrix);
+
+	void bind() const;
+	void unbind() const;
+
+	uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
+
+protected:
+	uint32_t compileShader(int32_t type, const char* shaderSource) const;
+	uint32_t linkShader(uint32_t vertex, uint32_t fragment) const;
+	int32_t checkStatus(uint32_t check, bool isProgram = false) const;
+
+private:
+	Shader(std::string_view path)
+		: Asset(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+	virtual bool isShader() const override { return true; }
+
+private:
+	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
+	std::unordered_map<std::string_view, uint32_t> m_uniformLocations;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+// clang-format off
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<Shader>() const { return isShader(); }
+// clang-format on
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/asset/texture.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <climits> // UINT_MAX
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+
+#include "assimp/texture.h"
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb/stb_image.h"
+#define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb/stb_image_write.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+Texture::~Texture()
+{
+	glDeleteTextures(1, &m_id);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void Texture::savePNG(std::string_view path, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+{
+	texture->bind();
+
+	// Allocate memory
+	uint32_t dataFormat = texture->m_dataFormat == GL_RGBA ? 4 : 3;
+	size_t dataSize = texture->m_width * texture->m_height * dataFormat;
+	std::vector<unsigned char> data(dataSize);
+
+	// Read texture data from the GPU
+	glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, texture->m_dataFormat, texture->m_dataType, data.data());
+
+	// Write image to a file
+	stbi_flip_vertically_on_write(1);
+	stbi_write_png(
+		path.data(),
+		texture->m_width,
+		texture->m_height,
+		dataFormat,
+		data.data(),
+		texture->m_width * dataFormat);
+
+	texture->unbind();
+}
+
+void Texture::saveScreenshotPNG(std::string_view path, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
+{
+	// Allocate memory
+	size_t dataSize = width * height * 4;
+	std::vector<unsigned char> data(dataSize);
+
+	// Set the pack alignment to 1 (to avoid row alignment issues)
+	glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+
+	// Read the pixels from the default framebuffer
+	glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data.data());
+
+	stbi_flip_vertically_on_write(1);
+	stbi_write_png(path.data(), width, height, 4, data.data(), width * 4);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void Texture::init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels)
+{
+	init(width, height,
+	     (channels == 3) ? GL_RGB8 : GL_RGBA8,
+	     (channels == 3) ? GL_RGB : GL_RGBA,
+	     GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);
+}
+
+void Texture::init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t internalFormat, uint32_t dataFormat, uint32_t dataType)
+{
+	m_width = width;
+	m_height = height;
+	m_internalFormat = internalFormat;
+	m_dataFormat = dataFormat;
+	m_dataType = dataType;
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> Texture2D::create(std::string_view path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Texture2D>(new Texture2D(path));
+
+	int width = 0;
+	int height = 0;
+	int channels = 0;
+	unsigned char* data = nullptr;
+
+	// Load image data
+	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(1);
+	data = stbi_load(path.data(), &width, &height, &channels, STBI_default);
+	VERIFY(data, "failed to load image: '{}'", path);
+
+	result->init(width, height, channels);
+	result->createImpl(data);
+
+	// Clean resources
+	stbi_image_free(data);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> Texture2D::create(aiTexture* texture)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Texture2D>(new Texture2D(texture->mFilename.C_Str()));
+
+	int width = static_cast<int>(texture->mWidth);
+	int height = static_cast<int>(texture->mHeight);
+	int channels = 0;
+	unsigned char* data = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(texture->pcData);
+	bool isCompressed = height == 0; // height 0 is compression, byte length stored in width variable
+
+	if (isCompressed) {
+		stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(0);
+		data = stbi_load_from_memory(data, width, &width, &height, &channels, STBI_default);
+	}
+	else {
+		channels = 4; // ARGB888
+		// TODO: imprement format hints? `archFormatHint'
+		VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+	}
+
+	result->init(width, height, channels);
+	result->createImpl(data);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+void Texture2D::bind(uint32_t unit) const
+{
+	// Set active unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + unit);
+
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_id);
+
+	// Reset unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+}
+
+void Texture2D::unbind() const
+{
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+void Texture2D::createImpl(unsigned char* data)
+{
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
+
+	// Create texture object
+	glGenTextures(1, &m_id);
+
+	// Bind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_id);
+
+	// Set unpacking of pixel data to byte-alignment,
+	// this prevents alignment issues when using a single byte for color
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+
+	// Generate texture
+	glTexImage2D(
+		GL_TEXTURE_2D,     // Texture target
+		0,                 // Midmap level, base starts at level 0
+		m_internalFormat,  // Texture format
+		m_width, m_height, // Image width/height
+		0,                 // Always 0 (legacy)
+		m_dataFormat,      // Texture source format
+		m_dataType,        // Texture source datatype
+		data);             // Image data
+
+	// Set the texture wrapping / filtering options
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Magnify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Minify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);      // X
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);      // Y
+
+	// Automatically generate all mipmap levels
+	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+
+	// Unbind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+std::shared_ptr<TextureCubemap> TextureCubemap::create(std::string_view path)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<TextureCubemap>(new TextureCubemap(path));
+
+	result->createImpl();
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+void TextureCubemap::bind(uint32_t unit) const
+{
+	// Set active unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + unit);
+
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, m_id);
+
+	// Reset unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+}
+
+void TextureCubemap::unbind() const
+{
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, 0);
+}
+
+void TextureCubemap::createImpl()
+{
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
+
+	// Create texture object
+	glGenTextures(1, &m_id);
+
+	// Bind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, m_id);
+
+	// Set unpacking of pixel data to byte-alignment,
+	// this prevents alignment issues when using a single byte for color
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+
+	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(0);
+
+	static constexpr const char* cubemapPaths[6] { "-px", "-nx", "-py", "-ny", "-pz", "-nz" };
+	size_t dotIndex = m_path.find_last_of('.');
+	std::string path = m_path.substr(0, dotIndex);
+	std::string extension = m_path.substr(dotIndex);
+
+	int width = 0;
+	int height = 0;
+	int channels = 0;
+	unsigned char* data = nullptr;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+		std::string facePath = path + cubemapPaths[i] + extension;
+
+		// Load image data
+		data = stbi_load(facePath.c_str(), &width, &height, &channels, STBI_default);
+		VERIFY(data, "failed to load image: '{}'", facePath.c_str());
+
+		init(width, height, channels);
+
+		// Generate texture face
+		glTexImage2D(
+			GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, // Texture target
+			0,                                  // Midmap level, base starts at level 0
+			m_internalFormat,                   // Internal format
+			m_width, m_height,                  // Image width/height
+			0,                                  // Always 0 (legacy)
+			m_dataFormat,                       // Texture source format
+			m_dataType,                         // Texture source datatype
+			data);                              // Image data
+
+		// Clean resources
+		stbi_image_free(data);
+	}
+
+	// Set the texture wrapping / filtering options
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);    // Magnify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);    // Minify
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); // X
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); // Y
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); // Z
+
+	// Unbind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, 0);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+std::shared_ptr<TextureFramebuffer> TextureFramebuffer::create(
+	std::string_view path,
+	uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t internalFormat, uint32_t dataFormat, uint32_t dataType)
+{
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<TextureFramebuffer>(new TextureFramebuffer(path));
+
+	result->init(width, height, internalFormat, dataFormat, dataType);
+	result->createImpl();
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+void TextureFramebuffer::bind(uint32_t unit) const
+{
+	// Set active unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + unit);
+
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_id);
+
+	// Reset unit
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+}
+
+void TextureFramebuffer::unbind() const
+{
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+void TextureFramebuffer::createImpl()
+{
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
+
+	// Create texture object
+	glGenTextures(1, &m_id);
+
+	// Bind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_id);
+
+	// Generate texture
+	glTexImage2D(
+		GL_TEXTURE_2D,     // Texture target
+		0,                 // Midmap level, base starts at level 0
+		m_internalFormat,  // Texture format
+		m_width, m_height, // Image width/height
+		0,                 // Always 0 (legacy)
+		m_dataFormat,      // Texture source format
+		m_dataType,        // Texture source datatype
+		NULL);             // Image data
+
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+
+	// Unbind texture object
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/asset/texture.h

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+
+struct aiTexture;
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+class Texture : public Asset {
+public:
+	virtual ~Texture();
+
+	static void savePNG(std::string_view path, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+	static void saveScreenshotPNG(std::string_view path, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+
+	void init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint8_t channels);
+	void init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t internalFormat, uint32_t dataFormat, uint32_t dataType);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const = 0;
+	virtual void unbind() const = 0;
+
+	uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
+	uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }
+	uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
+	uint32_t internalFormat() const { return m_internalFormat; }
+	uint32_t dataFormat() const { return m_dataFormat; }
+	uint32_t dataType() const { return m_dataType; }
+
+	virtual bool isTexture2D() const override { return false; }
+	virtual bool isTextureCubemap() const override { return false; }
+	virtual bool isTextureFramebuffer() const override { return false; }
+
+protected:
+	Texture(std::string_view path)
+		: Asset(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+protected:
+	uint32_t m_width { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_height { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_internalFormat { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_dataFormat { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_dataType { GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE };
+
+private:
+	virtual bool isTexture() const override { return true; }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class Texture2D final : public Texture {
+public:
+	virtual ~Texture2D() = default;
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> create(std::string_view path);
+	static std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> create(aiTexture* texture);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const override;
+	virtual void unbind() const override;
+
+private:
+	Texture2D(std::string_view path)
+		: Texture(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+	void createImpl(unsigned char* data);
+
+	virtual bool isTexture2D() const override { return true; }
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class TextureCubemap final : public Texture {
+public:
+	virtual ~TextureCubemap() = default;
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<TextureCubemap> create(std::string_view path);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const override;
+	virtual void unbind() const override;
+
+private:
+	TextureCubemap(std::string_view path)
+		: Texture(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+	void createImpl();
+
+	virtual bool isTextureCubemap() const override { return true; }
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+class TextureFramebuffer final : public Texture {
+public:
+	virtual ~TextureFramebuffer() = default;
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<TextureFramebuffer> create(
+		std::string_view path,
+		uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t internalFormat, uint32_t dataFormat, uint32_t dataType = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE);
+
+	virtual void bind(uint32_t unit) const override;
+	virtual void unbind() const override;
+
+private:
+	TextureFramebuffer(std::string_view path)
+		: Texture(path)
+	{
+	}
+
+	void createImpl();
+
+	virtual bool isTextureFramebuffer() const override { return true; }
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+// clang-format off
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<Texture>() const { return isTexture(); }
+
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<Texture2D>() const { return isTexture2D(); }
+
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<TextureCubemap>() const { return isTextureCubemap(); }
+
+template<>
+inline bool Asset::fastIs<TextureFramebuffer>() const { return isTextureFramebuffer(); }
+// clang-format on
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/cameracomponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/format/print.h"
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/cameracomponent.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CameraComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	if (json.exists("type")) {
+		value.type = json.at("type").get<std::string>() == "orthographic" ? CameraType::Orthographic : CameraType::Perspective;
+	}
+	if (json.exists("zoom-level")) {
+		json.at("zoom-level").getTo(value.zoomLevel);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/cameracomponent.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp" // glm::mat4
 #include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp"   // glm::vec3
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
@@ -32,4 +33,6 @@ struct CameraComponent {
 	glm::mat4 projection { 1.0f }; // Identity matrix
 };
 
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CameraComponent& value);
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/cubemap-component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+#include "inferno/component/cubemap-component.h"
+#include "inferno/component/serialize.h" // not detected as used by clang-tidy
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CubemapComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	if (json.exists("color")) {
+		json.at("color").getTo(value.color);
+	}
+	if (json.exists("texture") && json.at("texture").type() == ruc::Json::Type::String) {
+		value.texture = AssetManager::the().load<TextureCubemap>(json.at("texture").asString());
+	}
+	if (json.exists("isLight")) {
+		json.at("isLight").getTo(value.isLight);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/cubemap-component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory> // std::shared_ptr
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+struct CubemapComponent {
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture;
+	bool isLight { false };
+};
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, CubemapComponent& value);
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/id-component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/id-component.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, IDComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	if (json.exists("id")) {
+		json.at("id").getTo(value.id);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/id-component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/uid.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+struct IDComponent {
+	UID id;
+
+	IDComponent() = default;
+	IDComponent(UID id)
+		: id(id)
+	{
+	}
+	IDComponent(const IDComponent&) = default;
+};
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, IDComponent& value);
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/luascriptcomponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/luascriptcomponent.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, LuaScriptComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	VERIFY(json.exists("path"), "path not found");
+	json.at("path").getTo(value.path);
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/luascriptcomponent.h

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <string>  // std::string
+#include <string>
 #include <utility> // std::move
 
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
 namespace Inferno {
 
 class LuaScript;
@@ -24,4 +26,7 @@ struct LuaScriptComponent {
 	{
 	}
 };
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, LuaScriptComponent& value);
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/model-component.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "inferno/component/model-component.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/model.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+#include "inferno/component/serialize.h" // not detected as used by clang-tidy
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, ModelComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	if (json.exists("color")) {
+		json.at("color").getTo(value.color);
+	}
+	if (json.exists("model") && json.at("model").type() == ruc::Json::Type::String) {
+		value.model = AssetManager::the().load<Model>(json.at("model").asString());
+	}
+	if (json.exists("texture") && json.at("texture").type() == ruc::Json::Type::String) {
+		value.texture = AssetManager::the().load<Texture2D>(json.at("texture").asString());
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/model-component.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory> // std::shared_ptr
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/model.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+struct ModelComponent {
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
+	std::shared_ptr<Model> model;
+	std::shared_ptr<Texture2D> texture;
+};
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, ModelComponent& value);
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/nativescriptcomponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/nativescriptcomponent.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, NativeScriptComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	VERIFY(json.exists("name"), "name not found");
+	json.at("name").getTo(value.name);
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/nativescriptcomponent.h

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <utility> // std::move
 
 #include "inferno/script/nativescript.h"
 
@@ -14,25 +15,29 @@ namespace Inferno {
 
 struct NativeScriptComponent {
 	NativeScript* instance { nullptr };
+	std::string name;
 
-	NativeScript* (*initialize)() { nullptr };
+	NativeScript::InitializeFunction initialize { nullptr };
+	NativeScript::DestroyFunction destroy { nullptr };
 
 	// Dont allow manually setting instance during construction
 	NativeScriptComponent() {}
-
-	template<typename T>
-	void bind()
+	NativeScriptComponent(const std::string& name)
+		: name(std::move(name))
 	{
-		VERIFY(instance == nullptr, "NativeScript already bound");
-		initialize = []() { return static_cast<NativeScript*>(new T()); };
+		bind();
 	}
 
-	void destroy()
+	void bind()
 	{
-		VERIFY(instance, "Attempting to destroy an uninitialized NativeScript");
-		delete instance;
-		instance = nullptr;
+		VERIFY(initialize == nullptr && destroy == nullptr, "NativeScript already bound");
+
+		VERIFY(name != "", "name not set");
+		initialize = NativeScriptBinding::the().initializeBinding(name);
+		destroy = NativeScriptBinding::the().destroyBinding(name);
 	}
 };
 
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, NativeScriptComponent& value);
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/serialize.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float2.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp"
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/serialize.h"
+
+namespace glm {
+
+void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec2& value)
+{
+	json = ruc::Json {
+		{ value.x, value.y },
+	};
+}
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec2& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+
+	auto& values = json.asArray();
+	VERIFY(values.size() == 2, "glm::vec2 expected 2 values, got: {}", values.size());
+
+	value.x = values.at(0).get<float>();
+	value.y = values.at(1).get<float>();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec3& value)
+{
+	json = ruc::Json {
+		{ value.x, value.y, value.z },
+	};
+}
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec3& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+
+	auto& values = json.asArray();
+	VERIFY(values.size() == 3, "glm::vec3 expected 3 values, got: {}", values.size());
+
+	value.x = values.at(0).get<float>();
+	value.y = values.at(1).get<float>();
+	value.z = values.at(2).get<float>();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec4& value)
+{
+	json = ruc::Json {
+		{ value.r, value.g, value.b, value.a },
+	};
+}
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec4& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+
+	auto& values = json.asArray();
+	VERIFY(values.size() == 4, "glm::vec4 expected 4 values, got: {}", values.size());
+
+	value.r = values.at(0).get<float>();
+	value.g = values.at(1).get<float>();
+	value.b = values.at(2).get<float>();
+	value.a = values.at(3).get<float>();
+}
+
+} // namespace glm
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec2>::format(Builder& builder, glm::vec2 value) const
+{
+	return Formatter<std::vector<float>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y });
+}
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec3>::format(Builder& builder, glm::vec3 value) const
+{
+	return Formatter<std::vector<float>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y, value.z });
+}
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(Builder& builder, glm::vec4 value) const
+{
+	return Formatter<std::vector<float>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w });
+}
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat2>::format(Builder& builder, glm::mat2 value) const
+{
+	builder.putString("mat2 ");
+	Formatter<glm::vec2>::format(builder, value[0]);
+	builder.putString("\n     ");
+	return Formatter<glm::vec2>::format(builder, value[1]);
+}
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat3>::format(Builder& builder, glm::mat3 value) const
+{
+	builder.putString("mat3 ");
+	Formatter<glm::vec3>::format(builder, value[0]);
+	builder.putString("\n     ");
+	Formatter<glm::vec3>::format(builder, value[1]);
+	builder.putString("\n     ");
+	return Formatter<glm::vec3>::format(builder, value[2]);
+}
+
+void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat4>::format(Builder& builder, glm::mat4 value) const
+{
+	builder.putString("mat4 ");
+	Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[0]);
+	builder.putString("\n     ");
+	Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[1]);
+	builder.putString("\n     ");
+	Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[2]);
+	builder.putString("\n     ");
+	return Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[3]);
+}

src/inferno/component/serialize.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float2.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp"
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+namespace glm {
+
+void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec2& value);
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec2& value);
+
+void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec3& value);
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec3& value);
+
+void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec4& value);
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec4& value);
+
+} // namespace glm
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec2> : Formatter<std::vector<float>> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::vec2 value) const;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec3> : Formatter<std::vector<float>> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::vec3 value) const;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec4> : Formatter<std::vector<float>> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::vec4 value) const;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat2> : Formatter<glm::vec2> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::mat2 value) const;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat3> : Formatter<glm::vec3> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::mat3 value) const;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat4> : Formatter<glm::vec4> {
+	void format(Builder& builder, glm::mat4 value) const;
+};

src/inferno/component/spritecomponent.cpp

@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+#include "inferno/component/serialize.h" // not detected as used by clang-tidy
 #include "inferno/component/spritecomponent.h"
-#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
@@ -17,32 +21,8 @@ void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, SpriteComponent& value)
 		json.at("color").getTo(value.color);
 	}
 	if (json.exists("texture") && json.at("texture").type() == ruc::Json::Type::String) {
-		value.texture = TextureManager::the().load(json.at("texture").asString());
+		value.texture = AssetManager::the().load<Texture2D>(json.at("texture").asString());
 	}
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno
-
-namespace glm {
-
-void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec4& value)
-{
-	json = ruc::Json {
-		{ value.r, value.g, value.b, value.a },
-	};
-}
-
-void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec4& value)
-{
-	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
-
-	auto& values = json.asArray();
-	VERIFY(values.size() == 4, "glm::vec4 expects 4 values, not {}", values.size());
-
-	value.r = values.at(0).get<float>();
-	value.g = values.at(1).get<float>();
-	value.b = values.at(2).get<float>();
-	value.a = values.at(3).get<float>();
-}
-
-} // namespace glm

src/inferno/component/spritecomponent.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
 #include "ruc/json/json.h"
 
-#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
@@ -23,10 +23,3 @@ struct SpriteComponent {
 void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, SpriteComponent& value);
 
 } // namespace Inferno
-
-namespace glm {
-
-void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec4& value);
-void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec4& value);
-
-} // namespace glm

src/inferno/component/tagcomponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
+#include "inferno/component/tagcomponent.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, TagComponent& value)
+{
+	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	if (json.exists("tag")) {
+		json.at("tag").getTo(value.tag);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/tagcomponent.h

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include <string>  // std::string
 #include <utility> // std::move
 
+#include "ruc/json/json.h"
+
 namespace Inferno {
 
 struct TagComponent {
@@ -23,4 +25,6 @@ struct TagComponent {
 	operator const std::string&() const { return tag; }
 };
 
+void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, TagComponent& value);
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/textareacomponent.cpp

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, TextAreaComponent& value)
 	if (json.exists("font-size") && json.at("font-size").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Number) {
 		json.at("font-size").getTo(value.fontSize);
 	}
+	if (json.exists("line-spacing") && json.at("line-spacing").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Number) {
+		json.at("line-spacing").getTo(value.lineSpacing);
+	}
 	if (json.exists("width") && json.at("width").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Number) {
 		json.at("width").getTo(value.width);
 	}
-	if (json.exists("lines") && json.at("lines").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Number) {
-		json.at("lines").getTo(value.width);
-	}
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/component/textareacomponent.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022-2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ namespace Inferno {
 struct TextAreaComponent {
 	std::string content;
 	std::string font;
-	uint32_t fontSize { 0 };
+	unsigned char fontSize { 12 };
+	float lineSpacing { 1.0f };
 	uint32_t width { 0 };
-	uint32_t lines { 0 };
 
 #if 0
 	TextAreaComponent() {}

src/inferno/component/transformcomponent.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "ruc/format/format.h"
 #include "ruc/json/json.h"
 
+#include "inferno/component/serialize.h"
 #include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
@@ -28,56 +29,6 @@ void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, TransformComponent& value)
 
 } // namespace Inferno
 
-namespace glm {
-
-void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec3& value)
-{
-	json = ruc::Json {
-		{ value.x, value.y, value.z },
-	};
-}
-
-void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec3& value)
-{
-	VERIFY(json.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
-
-	auto& values = json.asArray();
-	VERIFY(values.size() == 3, "glm::vec3 expects 3 values, not {}", values.size());
-
-	value.x = values.at(0).get<float>();
-	value.y = values.at(1).get<float>();
-	value.z = values.at(2).get<float>();
-}
-
-} // namespace glm
-
-void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec2>::format(Builder& builder, glm::vec2 value) const
-{
-	return Formatter<std::vector<float>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y });
-}
-
-void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec3>::format(Builder& builder, glm::vec3 value) const
-{
-	return Formatter<std::vector<float>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y, value.z });
-}
-
-void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(Builder& builder, glm::vec4 value) const
-{
-	return Formatter<std::vector<float>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w });
-}
-
-void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat4>::format(Builder& builder, glm::mat4 value) const
-{
-	builder.putString("mat4 ");
-	Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[0]);
-	builder.putString("\n     ");
-	Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[1]);
-	builder.putString("\n     ");
-	Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[2]);
-	builder.putString("\n     ");
-	return Formatter<glm::vec4>::format(builder, value[3]);
-}
-
 void ruc::format::Formatter<Inferno::TransformComponent>::format(Builder& builder, Inferno::TransformComponent value) const
 {
 	builder.putString("transform ");

src/inferno/component/transformcomponent.h

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "entt/entity/entity.hpp"      // entt::null
+#include "entt/entity/fwd.hpp"         // entt::entity
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp" // glm::mat4
 #include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp"   // glm::vec3
 #include "ruc/format/format.h"
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ struct TransformComponent {
 	glm::vec3 translate { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
 	glm::vec3 rotate { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
 	glm::vec3 scale { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
+	entt::entity parent { entt::null };
+
 	glm::mat4 transform { 1.0f }; // Identity matrix
 };
 
@@ -24,33 +28,6 @@ void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, TransformComponent& value);
 
 } // namespace Inferno
 
-namespace glm {
-
-void toJson(ruc::Json& json, const vec3& value);
-void fromJson(const ruc::Json& json, vec3& value);
-
-} // namespace glm
-
-template<>
-struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec2> : Formatter<std::vector<float>> {
-	void format(Builder& builder, glm::vec2 value) const;
-};
-
-template<>
-struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec3> : Formatter<std::vector<float>> {
-	void format(Builder& builder, glm::vec3 value) const;
-};
-
-template<>
-struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::vec4> : Formatter<std::vector<float>> {
-	void format(Builder& builder, glm::vec4 value) const;
-};
-
-template<>
-struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::mat4> : Formatter<glm::vec4> {
-	void format(Builder& builder, glm::mat4 value) const;
-};
-
 template<>
 struct ruc::format::Formatter<Inferno::TransformComponent> : Formatter<glm::vec3> {
 	void format(Builder& builder, Inferno::TransformComponent value) const;

src/inferno/event/keyevent.h

@@ -14,24 +14,27 @@ namespace Inferno {
 
 class KeyEvent : public Event {
 public:
-	inline int getKey() const { return m_key; }
+	int getKey() const { return m_key; }
+	int getMods() const { return m_mods; }
 
 	EVENT_CLASS_CATEGORY(InputEventCategory | KeyEventCategory)
 
 protected:
-	KeyEvent(int key)
+	KeyEvent(int key, int mods)
 		: m_key(key)
+		, m_mods(mods)
 	{
 	}
 
 private:
-	int m_key;
+	int m_key { 0 };
+	int m_mods { 0 };
 };
 
-class KeyPressEvent : public KeyEvent {
+class KeyPressEvent final : public KeyEvent {
 public:
-	KeyPressEvent(int key)
-		: KeyEvent(key)
+	KeyPressEvent(int key, int mods)
+		: KeyEvent(key, mods)
 	{
 	}
 
@@ -45,10 +48,10 @@ public:
 	EVENT_CLASS_TYPE(KeyPress)
 };
 
-class KeyReleaseEvent : public KeyEvent {
+class KeyReleaseEvent final : public KeyEvent {
 public:
-	KeyReleaseEvent(int key)
-		: KeyEvent(key)
+	KeyReleaseEvent(int key, int mods)
+		: KeyEvent(key, mods)
 	{
 	}
 
@@ -59,13 +62,13 @@ public:
 		return ss.str();
 	}
 
-	EVENT_CLASS_TYPE(KeyPress)
+	EVENT_CLASS_TYPE(KeyRelease)
 };
 
-class KeyRepeatEvent : public KeyEvent {
+class KeyRepeatEvent final : public KeyEvent {
 public:
-	KeyRepeatEvent(int key)
-		: KeyEvent(key)
+	KeyRepeatEvent(int key, int mods)
+		: KeyEvent(key, mods)
 	{
 	}
 
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ public:
 		return ss.str();
 	}
 
-	EVENT_CLASS_TYPE(KeyPress)
+	EVENT_CLASS_TYPE(KeyRepeat)
 };
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/keycodes.cpp

@@ -139,14 +139,33 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string_view, int> keys({
 	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_KEY_MENU) },
 });
 
+static std::unordered_map<std::string_view, int> modifiers({
+	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_MOD_SHIFT) },
+	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_MOD_CONTROL) },
+	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_MOD_ALT) },
+	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_MOD_SUPER) },
+	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_MOD_CAPS_LOCK) }, // State, not really a modifier
+	{ MAP_KEY(GLFW_MOD_NUM_LOCK) },  // State, not really a modifier
+});
+
 // -----------------------------------------
 
+// Example usage:
+//   event.getKey() == keyCode("GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE")
 int keyCode(std::string_view name)
 {
 	VERIFY(keys.find(name) != keys.end(), "could not find key code: {}", name);
 	return keys.at(name);
 }
 
+// Example usage:
+//   event.getMods() & keyMod("GLFW_MOD_SHIFT")
+int keyMod(std::string_view name)
+{
+	VERIFY(modifiers.find(name) != modifiers.end(), "could not find key modifier: {}", name);
+	return modifiers.at(name);
+}
+
 std::string_view keyName(int key)
 {
 	auto it = std::find_if(keys.begin(), keys.end(), [key](const auto& keybind) {

src/inferno/keycodes.h

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 namespace Inferno {
 
 int keyCode(std::string_view name);
-std::string_view keyName(int);
+int keyMod(std::string_view name);
+
+std::string_view keyName(int key);
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/buffer.cpp

@@ -4,12 +4,17 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
-#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint8_t, uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+#include <string>
+#include <utility> // std::pair
 
-#include "inferno/core.h"
-#include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+#include "glad/glad.h"
 #include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
 
+#include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+
 namespace Inferno {
 
 // -----------------------------------------
@@ -37,113 +42,78 @@ uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeGL() const
 	return BufferElement::getTypeGL(m_type);
 }
 
-uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeSize(const BufferElementType type)
+uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeSize(BufferElementType type)
 {
 	switch (type) {
 	case BufferElementType::None:
 		return 0;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool:
-		return sizeof(bool);
 	case BufferElementType::Bool2:
-		return sizeof(bool) * 2;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool3:
-		return sizeof(bool) * 3;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool4:
-		return sizeof(bool) * 4;
+		return sizeof(bool) * getTypeCount(type);
 	case BufferElementType::Int:
-		return sizeof(int32_t);
 	case BufferElementType::Int2:
-		return sizeof(int32_t) * 2;
 	case BufferElementType::Int3:
-		return sizeof(int32_t) * 3;
 	case BufferElementType::Int4:
-		return sizeof(int32_t) * 4;
+		return sizeof(int32_t) * getTypeCount(type);
 	case BufferElementType::Uint:
-		return sizeof(uint32_t);
 	case BufferElementType::Uint2:
-		return sizeof(uint32_t) * 2;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint3:
-		return sizeof(uint32_t) * 3;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint4:
-		return sizeof(uint32_t) * 4;
+		return sizeof(uint32_t) * getTypeCount(type);
 	case BufferElementType::Float:
-		return sizeof(float);
 	case BufferElementType::Vec2:
-		return sizeof(float) * 2;
 	case BufferElementType::Vec3:
-		return sizeof(float) * 3;
 	case BufferElementType::Vec4:
-		return sizeof(float) * 4;
+		return sizeof(float) * getTypeCount(type);
 	case BufferElementType::Double:
-		return sizeof(double);
-	case BufferElementType::Double2:
-		return sizeof(double);
-	case BufferElementType::Double3:
-		return sizeof(double);
-	case BufferElementType::Double4:
-		return sizeof(double);
+	case BufferElementType::Vec2Double:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec3Double:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec4Double:
+		return sizeof(double) * getTypeCount(type);
 	case BufferElementType::Mat2:
-		return sizeof(float) * 2 * 2;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat3:
-		return sizeof(float) * 3 * 3;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat4:
-		return sizeof(float) * 4 * 4;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat2:
-		return sizeof(double) * 2 * 2;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat3:
-		return sizeof(double) * 3 * 3;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat4:
-		return sizeof(double) * 4 * 4;
+		return sizeof(float) * getTypeCount(type);
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble2:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble3:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble4:
+		return sizeof(double) * getTypeCount(type);
 	};
 
 	VERIFY(false, "BufferElement unknown BufferElementType size!");
 	return 0;
 }
 
-uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeCount(const BufferElementType type)
+uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeCount(BufferElementType type)
 {
 	switch (type) {
 	case BufferElementType::None:
 		return 0;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool:
-		return 1;
-	case BufferElementType::Bool2:
-		return 2;
-	case BufferElementType::Bool3:
-		return 3;
-	case BufferElementType::Bool4:
-		return 4;
 	case BufferElementType::Int:
-		return 1;
-	case BufferElementType::Int2:
-		return 2;
-	case BufferElementType::Int3:
-		return 3;
-	case BufferElementType::Int4:
-		return 4;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint:
-		return 1;
-	case BufferElementType::Uint2:
-		return 2;
-	case BufferElementType::Uint3:
-		return 3;
-	case BufferElementType::Uint4:
-		return 4;
 	case BufferElementType::Float:
-		return 1;
-	case BufferElementType::Vec2:
-		return 2;
-	case BufferElementType::Vec3:
-		return 3;
-	case BufferElementType::Vec4:
-		return 4;
 	case BufferElementType::Double:
 		return 1;
-	case BufferElementType::Double2:
+	case BufferElementType::Bool2:
+	case BufferElementType::Int2:
+	case BufferElementType::Uint2:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec2:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec2Double:
 		return 2;
-	case BufferElementType::Double3:
+	case BufferElementType::Bool3:
+	case BufferElementType::Int3:
+	case BufferElementType::Uint3:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec3:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec3Double:
 		return 3;
-	case BufferElementType::Double4:
+	case BufferElementType::Bool4:
+	case BufferElementType::Int4:
+	case BufferElementType::Uint4:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec4:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec4Double:
 		return 4;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat2:
 		return 2 * 2;
@@ -151,11 +121,11 @@ uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeCount(const BufferElementType type)
 		return 3 * 3;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat4:
 		return 4 * 4;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat2:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble2:
 		return 2 * 2;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat3:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble3:
 		return 3 * 3;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat4:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble4:
 		return 4 * 4;
 	};
 
@@ -163,62 +133,43 @@ uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeCount(const BufferElementType type)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeGL(const BufferElementType type)
+uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeGL(BufferElementType type)
 {
 	switch (type) {
 	case BufferElementType::None:
 		return GL_NONE;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool:
-		return GL_BOOL;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool2:
-		return GL_BOOL;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool3:
-		return GL_BOOL;
 	case BufferElementType::Bool4:
 		return GL_BOOL;
 	case BufferElementType::Int:
-		return GL_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Int2:
-		return GL_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Int3:
-		return GL_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Int4:
 		return GL_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint:
-		return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint2:
-		return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint3:
-		return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Uint4:
 		return GL_UNSIGNED_INT;
 	case BufferElementType::Float:
-		return GL_FLOAT;
 	case BufferElementType::Vec2:
-		return GL_FLOAT;
 	case BufferElementType::Vec3:
-		return GL_FLOAT;
 	case BufferElementType::Vec4:
 		return GL_FLOAT;
 	case BufferElementType::Double:
-		return GL_DOUBLE;
-	case BufferElementType::Double2:
-		return GL_DOUBLE;
-	case BufferElementType::Double3:
-		return GL_DOUBLE;
-	case BufferElementType::Double4:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec2Double:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec3Double:
+	case BufferElementType::Vec4Double:
 		return GL_DOUBLE;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat2:
-		return GL_FLOAT;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat3:
-		return GL_FLOAT;
 	case BufferElementType::Mat4:
 		return GL_FLOAT;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat2:
-		return GL_DOUBLE;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat3:
-		return GL_DOUBLE;
-	case BufferElementType::DoubleMat4:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble2:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble3:
+	case BufferElementType::MatDouble4:
 		return GL_DOUBLE;
 	};
 
@@ -226,6 +177,58 @@ uint32_t BufferElement::getTypeGL(const BufferElementType type)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+uint32_t BufferElement::getGLTypeSize(uint32_t type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case GL_BOOL:
+	case GL_INT:
+	case GL_UNSIGNED_INT:
+	case GL_FLOAT:
+		return 4;
+	case GL_BOOL_VEC2:
+	case GL_INT_VEC2:
+	case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_VEC2:
+	case GL_FLOAT_VEC2:
+		return 4 * 2;
+	case GL_BOOL_VEC3:
+	case GL_INT_VEC3:
+	case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_VEC3:
+	case GL_FLOAT_VEC3:
+		return 4 * 3;
+	case GL_BOOL_VEC4:
+	case GL_INT_VEC4:
+	case GL_UNSIGNED_INT_VEC4:
+	case GL_FLOAT_VEC4:
+		return 4 * 4;
+	case GL_FLOAT_MAT2:
+		return 4 * 2 * 2;
+	case GL_FLOAT_MAT3:
+		return 4 * 3 * 3;
+	case GL_FLOAT_MAT4:
+		return 4 * 4 * 4;
+
+	case GL_DOUBLE:
+		return 8;
+	case GL_DOUBLE_VEC2:
+		return 8 * 2;
+	case GL_DOUBLE_VEC3:
+		return 8 * 3;
+	case GL_DOUBLE_VEC4:
+		return 8 * 4;
+	case GL_DOUBLE_MAT2:
+		return 8 * 2 * 2;
+	case GL_DOUBLE_MAT3:
+		return 8 * 3 * 3;
+	case GL_DOUBLE_MAT4:
+		return 8 * 4 * 4;
+
+	default:
+		VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+	};
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 BufferLayout::BufferLayout(const std::initializer_list<BufferElement>& elements)
@@ -239,30 +242,25 @@ void BufferLayout::calculateOffsetsAndStride()
 	m_stride = 0;
 	for (auto& element : m_elements) {
 		element.setOffset(m_stride);
-		m_stride += element.getSize();
+		m_stride += element.size();
 	}
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer(size_t size)
+	: VertexBuffer(size, nullptr)
 {
-	glGenBuffers(1, &m_id);
-	bind();
-
-	// Reserve data on the GPU
-	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
-
-	unbind();
 }
 
-VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer(float* vertices, size_t size)
+VertexBuffer::VertexBuffer(size_t size, float* vertices)
 {
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
 	glGenBuffers(1, &m_id);
 	bind();
 
 	// Upload data to the GPU
-	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, vertices, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
 
 	unbind();
 }
@@ -297,11 +295,12 @@ void VertexBuffer::uploadData(const void* data, uint32_t size)
 IndexBuffer::IndexBuffer(uint32_t* indices, size_t size)
 	: m_count(size / sizeof(uint32_t))
 {
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
 	glCreateBuffers(1, &m_id);
 	bind();
 
 	// Upload data to the GPU
-	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, indices, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
 
 	unbind();
 }
@@ -321,10 +320,21 @@ void IndexBuffer::unbind() const
 	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
 }
 
+void IndexBuffer::uploadData(const void* data, uint32_t size)
+{
+	bind();
+
+	// Upload data to the GPU
+	glBufferSubData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, size, data);
+
+	unbind();
+}
+
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 VertexArray::VertexArray()
 {
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
 	glCreateVertexArrays(1, &m_id);
 }
 
@@ -345,8 +355,8 @@ void VertexArray::unbind() const
 
 void VertexArray::addVertexBuffer(std::shared_ptr<VertexBuffer> vertexBuffer)
 {
-	const auto& layout = vertexBuffer->getLayout();
-	VERIFY(layout.getElements().size(), "VertexBuffer has no layout");
+	const auto& layout = vertexBuffer->layout();
+	VERIFY(layout.elements().size(), "VertexBuffer has no layout");
 
 	bind();
 	vertexBuffer->bind();
@@ -354,20 +364,71 @@ void VertexArray::addVertexBuffer(std::shared_ptr<VertexBuffer> vertexBuffer)
 	uint32_t index = 0;
 	for (const auto& element : layout) {
 		glEnableVertexAttribArray(index);
+		switch (element.type()) {
+		case BufferElementType::None:
+			break;
+		case BufferElementType::Int:
+		case BufferElementType::Int2:
+		case BufferElementType::Int3:
+		case BufferElementType::Int4:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint2:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint3:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint4: {
+			glVertexAttribIPointer(
+				index,
+				element.getTypeCount(),
+				element.getTypeGL(),
+				layout.stride(),
+				reinterpret_cast<const void*>(element.offset()));
+			break;
+		}
+		case BufferElementType::Bool:
+		case BufferElementType::Bool2:
+		case BufferElementType::Bool3:
+		case BufferElementType::Bool4:
+		case BufferElementType::Float:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec2:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec3:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec4:
+		case BufferElementType::Mat2:
+		case BufferElementType::Mat3:
+		case BufferElementType::Mat4: {
 			glVertexAttribPointer(
 				index,
 				element.getTypeCount(),
 				element.getTypeGL(),
-			element.getNormalized() ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE,
-			layout.getStride(),
-			reinterpret_cast<const void*>(element.getOffset()));
+				element.normalized() ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE,
+				layout.stride(),
+				reinterpret_cast<const void*>(element.offset()));
+			break;
+		}
+		case BufferElementType::Double:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec2Double:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec3Double:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec4Double:
+		case BufferElementType::MatDouble2:
+		case BufferElementType::MatDouble3:
+		case BufferElementType::MatDouble4: {
+			glVertexAttribLPointer(
+				index,
+				element.getTypeCount(),
+				element.getTypeGL(),
+				layout.stride(),
+				reinterpret_cast<const void*>(element.offset()));
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+		};
 
 		index++;
 	}
-	m_vertexBuffers.push_back(std::move(vertexBuffer));
 
 	unbind();
 	vertexBuffer->unbind();
+
+	m_vertexBuffers.push_back(std::move(vertexBuffer));
 }
 
 void VertexArray::setIndexBuffer(std::shared_ptr<IndexBuffer> indexBuffer)
@@ -375,10 +436,10 @@ void VertexArray::setIndexBuffer(std::shared_ptr<IndexBuffer> indexBuffer)
 	bind();
 	indexBuffer->bind();
 
-	m_indexBuffer = std::move(indexBuffer);
-
 	unbind();
 	indexBuffer->unbind();
+
+	m_indexBuffer = std::move(indexBuffer);
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/buffer.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -7,52 +7,54 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
-#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint8_t, uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
-#include <string>  // std::string
-#include <vector>  // std::vector
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
 // clang-format off
 // https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Data_Type_(GLSL)
-enum class BufferElementType {
+enum class BufferElementType : uint8_t {
 	None = 0,
 	Bool, Bool2, Bool3, Bool4,                      // bvec
 	Int, Int2, Int3, Int4,                          // ivec
 	Uint, Uint2, Uint3, Uint4,                      // uvec
 	Float, Vec2, Vec3, Vec4,                        // vec
-	Double, Double2, Double3, Double4,  // dvec
+	Double, Vec2Double, Vec3Double, Vec4Double,     // dvec
 	Mat2, Mat3, Mat4,                               // mat
-	DoubleMat2, DoubleMat3, DoubleMat4, // dmat
+	MatDouble2, MatDouble3, MatDouble4,             // dmat
 };
 // clang-format on
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 // Describes one element of the BufferLayout
-class BufferElement {
+class BufferElement final {
 public:
 	BufferElement(BufferElementType type, std::string name, bool normalized = false);
+	~BufferElement() = default;
 
 	uint32_t getTypeSize() const;
 	uint32_t getTypeCount() const;
 	uint32_t getTypeGL() const;
-	static uint32_t getTypeSize(const BufferElementType type);
-	static uint32_t getTypeCount(const BufferElementType type);
-	static uint32_t getTypeGL(const BufferElementType type);
+	static uint32_t getTypeSize(BufferElementType type);
+	static uint32_t getTypeCount(BufferElementType type);
+	static uint32_t getTypeGL(BufferElementType type);
+	static uint32_t getGLTypeSize(uint32_t type);
 
-	inline BufferElementType getType() const { return m_type; }
-	inline std::string getName() const { return m_name; }
-	inline uint32_t getSize() const { return m_size; }
-	inline uint32_t getOffset() const { return m_offset; }
-	inline bool getNormalized() const { return m_normalized; }
+	BufferElementType type() const { return m_type; }
+	std::string name() const { return m_name; }
+	uint32_t size() const { return m_size; }
+	uint32_t offset() const { return m_offset; }
+	bool normalized() const { return m_normalized; }
 
-	inline void setType(const BufferElementType& type) { m_type = type; }
-	inline void setName(const std::string& name) { m_name = name; }
-	inline void setSize(const uint32_t& size) { m_size = size; }
-	inline void setOffset(const uint32_t& offset) { m_offset = offset; }
-	inline void setNormalized(const bool& normalized) { m_normalized = normalized; }
+	void setType(BufferElementType type) { m_type = type; }
+	void setName(const std::string& name) { m_name = name; }
+	void setSize(uint32_t size) { m_size = size; }
+	void setOffset(uint32_t offset) { m_offset = offset; }
+	void setNormalized(bool normalized) { m_normalized = normalized; }
 
 private:
 	BufferElementType m_type;
@@ -65,19 +67,20 @@ private:
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 // Layout that describes raw vertex data
-class BufferLayout {
+class BufferLayout final {
 public:
 	BufferLayout() {}
 	BufferLayout(const std::initializer_list<BufferElement>& elements);
+	~BufferLayout() = default;
 
-	inline const std::vector<BufferElement>& getElements() const { return m_elements; }
-	inline uint32_t getStride() const { return m_stride; }
+	const std::vector<BufferElement>& elements() const { return m_elements; }
+	uint32_t stride() const { return m_stride; }
 
 	// Iterators
-	inline std::vector<BufferElement>::iterator begin() { return m_elements.begin(); }
-	inline std::vector<BufferElement>::iterator end() { return m_elements.end(); }
-	inline std::vector<BufferElement>::const_iterator begin() const { return m_elements.begin(); }
-	inline std::vector<BufferElement>::const_iterator end() const { return m_elements.end(); }
+	std::vector<BufferElement>::iterator begin() { return m_elements.begin(); }
+	std::vector<BufferElement>::iterator end() { return m_elements.end(); }
+	std::vector<BufferElement>::const_iterator begin() const { return m_elements.begin(); }
+	std::vector<BufferElement>::const_iterator end() const { return m_elements.end(); }
 
 protected:
 	void calculateOffsetsAndStride();
@@ -90,10 +93,10 @@ private:
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 // GPU memory which holds raw vertex data
-class VertexBuffer {
+class VertexBuffer final { // Vertex Buffer Object, VBO
 public:
 	VertexBuffer(size_t size);
-	VertexBuffer(float* vertices, size_t size);
+	VertexBuffer(size_t size, float* vertices);
 	~VertexBuffer();
 
 	void bind() const;
@@ -101,9 +104,9 @@ public:
 
 	void uploadData(const void* data, uint32_t size);
 
-	inline const BufferLayout& getLayout() const { return m_layout; }
+	const BufferLayout& layout() const { return m_layout; }
 
-	inline void setLayout(const BufferLayout& layout) { m_layout = layout; }
+	void setLayout(const BufferLayout& layout) { m_layout = layout; }
 
 private:
 	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ private:
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 // Vertices order of rendering
-class IndexBuffer {
+class IndexBuffer final { // Element Buffer Object, EBO
 public:
 	IndexBuffer(uint32_t* indices, size_t size);
 	~IndexBuffer();
@@ -121,7 +124,9 @@ public:
 	void bind() const;
 	void unbind() const;
 
-	inline uint32_t getCount() const { return m_count; }
+	void uploadData(const void* data, uint32_t size);
+
+	uint32_t count() const { return m_count; }
 
 private:
 	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
@@ -131,7 +136,7 @@ private:
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 // Array that holds the vertex attributes configuration
-class VertexArray {
+class VertexArray final { // Vertex Array Object, VAO
 public:
 	VertexArray();
 	~VertexArray();
@@ -142,8 +147,8 @@ public:
 	void addVertexBuffer(std::shared_ptr<VertexBuffer> vertexBuffer);
 	void setIndexBuffer(std::shared_ptr<IndexBuffer> indexBuffer);
 
-	inline const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<VertexBuffer>>& getVertexBuffers() const { return m_vertexBuffers; }
-	inline std::shared_ptr<IndexBuffer> getIndexBuffer() const { return m_indexBuffer; }
+	std::shared_ptr<VertexBuffer> at(size_t i) const { return m_vertexBuffers.at(i); }
+	std::shared_ptr<IndexBuffer> indexBuffer() const { return m_indexBuffer; }
 
 private:
 	uint32_t m_id { 0 };

src/inferno/render/font.cpp

@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
-#include <string>  // std::getline, std::stoi
-#include <utility> // std::move
-
-#include "ruc/file.h"
-#include "ruc/format/log.h"
-#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
-
-#include "inferno/render/font.h"
-#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
-#include "inferno/util/integer.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-Font::Font(const std::string& name)
-	: m_name(std::move(name))
-{
-	std::string path = name + ".fnt";
-	std::string image = name + ".png";
-
-	std::string font = ruc::File(path).data();
-	parseFont(font);
-
-	m_texture = std::make_shared<Texture>(image);
-}
-
-void Font::parseFont(const std::string& font)
-{
-	std::istringstream iss(font);
-	for (std::string line; std::getline(iss, line);) {
-
-		if (findAction(line).compare("info") != 0 && findAction(line).compare("char") != 0) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		const std::vector<std::string> columns = findColumns(line);
-
-		// Info
-
-		if (findAction(line).compare("info") == 0) {
-			m_size = std::stou(findValue("size", columns));
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		// Character
-
-		unsigned char id = std::stoi(findValue("id", columns));
-		Character character = {
-			{ std::stou(findValue("x", columns)), std::stou(findValue("y", columns)) },
-			{ std::stou(findValue("width", columns)), std::stou(findValue("height", columns)) },
-			{ std::stoi(findValue("xoffset", columns)), std::stoi(findValue("yoffset", columns)) },
-			std::stou(findValue("xadvance", columns))
-		};
-		m_characterList.emplace(id, std::make_shared<Character>(character));
-	}
-}
-
-const std::string Font::findAction(const std::string& line)
-{
-	return line.substr(0, line.find(" "));
-}
-
-const std::vector<std::string> Font::findColumns(const std::string& line)
-{
-	std::vector<std::string> elements;
-
-	size_t index = 0;
-	size_t find = 0;
-	size_t findFirstNotOf = 0;
-	// Loop over line characters
-	while (find != std::string::npos) {
-		find = line.find(" ", index);
-		findFirstNotOf = line.find_first_not_of(" ", index);
-
-		// Add element
-		if (find > findFirstNotOf) {
-			elements.push_back(line.substr(index, find - findFirstNotOf));
-			index += 1 + find - findFirstNotOf;
-		}
-		// Skip double spaces
-		else {
-			index = findFirstNotOf;
-		}
-	}
-
-	VERIFY(!elements.empty(), "Font file did not find any columns");
-	return elements;
-}
-
-const std::string Font::findValue(const std::string& key, const std::vector<std::string>& columns)
-{
-	size_t find = 0;
-	// Loop over columns
-	for (auto& column : columns) {
-		find = column.find(key + "=");
-		if (find != std::string::npos) {
-			return column.substr(key.length() + 1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	VERIFY(false, "Font file did not contain key '{}'", key);
-	return "";
-}
-
-// -----------------------------------------
-
-FontManager::FontManager(s)
-{
-	ruc::info("FontManager initialized");
-}
-
-FontManager::~FontManager()
-{
-}
-
-void FontManager::add(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<Font> font)
-{
-	// Construct (key, value) pair and insert it into the unordered_map
-	m_fontList.emplace(std::move(name), std::move(font));
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Font> FontManager::load(const std::string& name)
-{
-	if (exists(name)) {
-		return get(name);
-	}
-
-	std::shared_ptr<Font> font = std::make_shared<Font>(name);
-	add(name, font);
-	return get(name);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Font> FontManager::get(const std::string& name)
-{
-	return exists(name) ? m_fontList.at(name) : nullptr;
-}
-
-bool FontManager::exists(const std::string& name)
-{
-	return m_fontList.find(name) != m_fontList.end();
-}
-
-void FontManager::remove(const std::string& name)
-{
-	if (exists(name)) {
-		m_fontList.erase(name);
-	}
-}
-
-void FontManager::remove(std::shared_ptr<Font> font)
-{
-	if (exists(font->name())) {
-		m_fontList.erase(font->name());
-	}
-}
-
-} // namespace Inferno
-
-void ruc::format::Formatter<glm::ivec2>::format(Builder& builder, glm::ivec2 value) const
-{
-	return Formatter<std::vector<int32_t>>::format(builder, { value.x, value.y });
-}

src/inferno/render/font.h

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>       // int32_t, uint32_t
-#include <memory>        // std::shared_ptr
-#include <string>        // std::string
-#include <unordered_map> // std::unordered_map
-#include <vector>        // std::vector
-
-#include "glm/ext/vector_int2.hpp"  // glm::ivec2
-#include "glm/ext/vector_uint2.hpp" // glm::uvec2
-#include "ruc/format/format.h"
-#include "ruc/singleton.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-class Texture;
-
-struct Character {
-	glm::uvec2 position; // Position
-	glm::uvec2 size;     // Width/height
-	glm::ivec2 offset;   // Offset from baseline to left / top of glyph
-	uint32_t advance;    // Amount to advance to next glyph
-};
-
-// -------------------------------------
-
-class Font {
-public:
-	Font(const std::string& name);
-	virtual ~Font() {}
-
-	inline std::string name() const { return m_name; }
-	inline uint32_t size() const { return m_size; }
-	inline std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture() const { return m_texture; }
-
-	inline std::shared_ptr<Character> get(unsigned char c) const { return m_characterList.at(c); }
-	inline std::shared_ptr<Character> operator[](unsigned char c) const { return m_characterList.at(c); }
-
-private:
-	void parseFont(const std::string& font);
-	const std::string findAction(const std::string& line);
-	const std::vector<std::string> findColumns(const std::string& line);
-	const std::string findValue(const std::string& key, const std::vector<std::string>& columns);
-
-	std::string m_name;
-	uint32_t m_size;
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> m_texture;
-	std::unordered_map<unsigned char, std::shared_ptr<Character>> m_characterList;
-};
-
-// -------------------------------------
-
-class FontManager final : public ruc::Singleton<FontManager> {
-public:
-	FontManager(s);
-	virtual ~FontManager();
-
-	void add(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<Font> font);
-	std::shared_ptr<Font> load(const std::string& name);
-	std::shared_ptr<Font> get(const std::string& name);
-	bool exists(const std::string& name);
-
-	void remove(const std::string& name);
-	void remove(std::shared_ptr<Font> font);
-
-private:
-	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Font>> m_fontList;
-};
-
-} // namespace Inferno
-
-template<>
-struct ruc::format::Formatter<glm::ivec2> : Formatter<std::vector<int32_t>> {
-	void format(Builder& builder, glm::ivec2 value) const;
-};
-
-// FontManager fm;
-// Font f = fm.load("path/to/font");
-// Font f2("path/to/font");
-// Character c = f['a'];
-
-// Look into using signed distance fields for texture map generation ? anti-aliasing for text
-// https://youtu.be/d8cfgcJR9Tk

src/inferno/render/framebuffer.cpp

@@ -1,21 +1,159 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint32_t
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
 #include "inferno/render/framebuffer.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
-Framebuffer::Framebuffer()
+std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> Framebuffer::create(const Properties& properties)
 {
+	VERIFY((properties.attachments.size() > 0 && !properties.renderToScreen) || properties.renderToScreen,
+	       "cant have attachments on the default framebuffer");
+
+	auto result = std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer>(new Framebuffer(properties));
+
+	result->createTextures();
+
+	return result;
 }
 
 Framebuffer::~Framebuffer()
 {
+	if (m_renderToScreen) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &m_id);
+}
+
+void Framebuffer::copyBuffer(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> from, std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> to, uint32_t bits, uint32_t filter)
+{
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, from->m_id);
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0); // write to default framebuffer
+	glBlitFramebuffer(0, 0, from->m_width, from->m_height, 0, 0, to->m_width, to->m_height, bits, filter);
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
+void Framebuffer::bind() const
+{
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, m_id);
+}
+
+void Framebuffer::unbind() const
+{
+	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
+}
+
+bool Framebuffer::check() const
+{
+	VERIFY(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE,
+	       "malformed framebuffer: {:#x}", glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER));
+	return true;
+}
+
+void Framebuffer::resize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
+{
+	if (m_width == width && m_height == height) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_width = width;
+	m_height = height;
+
+	createTextures();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void Framebuffer::createTextures()
+{
+	if (m_renderToScreen) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (m_id) {
+		glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &m_id);
+		m_textures.clear();
+	}
+
+	m_id = UINT_MAX;
+	glGenFramebuffers(1, &m_id);
+
+	bind();
+
+	auto it = m_attachments.begin();
+	m_colorAttachmentCount = 0;
+
+	size_t size = m_attachments.size();
+	m_textures.resize(size);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+		TypeProperties type = *(it + i);
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGB8) {
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGB8, GL_RGB);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGBA8) { // Color
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGBA8, GL_RGBA);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGBA16F) {
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGBA16F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::RGBA32F) {
+			// Set color attachment 0 out of 32
+			m_textures[i] = TextureFramebuffer::create("", m_width, m_height, GL_RGBA32F, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT);
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + m_colorAttachmentCount, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			m_colorAttachmentCount++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// This combined texture is required for older GPUs
+		if (type.type == Type::Depth24Stencil8) { // Depth
+			m_textures[i] = (TextureFramebuffer::create(
+				"", m_width, m_height, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8));
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (type.type == Type::Depth32F) {
+			//  FIXME: This isnt a 32-bit float texture
+			m_textures[i] = (TextureFramebuffer::create(
+				"", m_width, m_height, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT));
+			glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_textures[i]->id(), 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	VERIFY(m_colorAttachmentCount <= 32, "maximum color attachments was exceeded: {}/32", m_colorAttachmentCount);
+	check();
+
+	unbind();
+}
+
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/framebuffer.h

@@ -1,17 +1,105 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory> // std::shared_ptr
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
+
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+
 namespace Inferno {
 
-class Framebuffer {
+class Framebuffer final { // Frame Buffer Object, FBO
 public:
-	Framebuffer();
-	virtual ~Framebuffer();
+	enum Type : uint8_t {
+		None = 0,
+
+		// Color
+		RGB8 = 1,
+		RGBA8 = 2,
+		RGBA16F = 3,
+		RGBA32F = 4,
+
+		// Depth/stencil
+		Depth24Stencil8 = 5,
+		Depth32F = 6,
+
+		// Defaults
+		Color = RGBA8,
+		Depth = Depth24Stencil8,
+	};
+
+	struct TypeProperties {
+		TypeProperties() = default;
+		TypeProperties(Type type)
+			: type(type)
+		{
+		}
+
+		Type type;
+	};
+
+	struct Properties {
+		std::initializer_list<TypeProperties> attachments {};
+		bool renderToScreen { false }; // (dummy framebuffer)
+
+		uint32_t width { 1280 };
+		uint32_t height { 720 };
+		glm::vec4 clearColor { 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; // magenta
+		uint32_t clearBit { 0 };
+	};
+
+	~Framebuffer();
+
+	// Factory function
+	static std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> create(const Properties& properties);
+	static void copyBuffer(std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> from, std::shared_ptr<Framebuffer> to, uint32_t bits, uint32_t filter);
+
+	void bind() const;
+	void unbind() const;
+	bool check() const;
+	void resize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+
+	uint8_t colorAttachmentCount() const { return m_colorAttachmentCount; }
+	uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
+	uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
+	uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }
+	uint32_t clearBit() const { return m_clearBit; }
+	glm::vec4 clearColor() const { return m_clearColor; }
+	const std::vector<TypeProperties>& attachments() const { return m_attachments; }
+	std::shared_ptr<TextureFramebuffer> texture(size_t index) const { return m_textures[index]; }
+
+private:
+	Framebuffer(const Properties& properties)
+		: m_renderToScreen(properties.renderToScreen)
+		, m_width(properties.width)
+		, m_height(properties.height)
+		, m_clearBit(properties.clearBit)
+		, m_clearColor(properties.clearColor)
+		, m_attachments(properties.attachments)
+	{
+	}
+	void createTextures();
+
+private:
+	bool m_renderToScreen { false };
+	uint8_t m_colorAttachmentCount { 1 };
+	uint32_t m_id { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_width { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_height { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_clearBit { 0 };
+	glm::vec4 m_clearColor;
+	std::vector<TypeProperties> m_attachments;
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TextureFramebuffer>> m_textures;
 };
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/gltf.cpp

@@ -1,347 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#if 0
-	#include <algorithm> // std::copy
-	#include <utility>   // std::move
-
-	#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
-	#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
-
-	#include "inferno/io/file.h"
-	#include "inferno/io/gltffile.h"
-	#include "inferno/io/log.h"
-	#include "inferno/render/gltf.h"
-	#include "inferno/util/integer.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-	Gltf::Gltf(const std::string& path)
-		: m_path(std::move(path))
-	{
-		auto gltf = GltfFile::read(path);
-		VERIFY(gltf.first, "Gltf model invalid JSON content '{}'", path);
-
-		json json = json::parse(gltf.first.get());
-
-		// Add binary data from .glb files
-		if (gltf.second) {
-			m_model.data.emplace(0, std::move(gltf.second));
-		}
-
-		// Properties
-
-		// Asset
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		VERIFY(Json::hasProperty(json, "asset"), "GlTF model missing required property 'asset'");
-		auto asset = json["asset"];
-		VERIFY(asset.is_object(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'asset'");
-
-		parseAsset(&m_model.asset, asset);
-
-		// Scene
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(json, "scenes")) {
-
-			auto scenes = json["scenes"];
-			VERIFY(scenes.is_array(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'scenes'");
-
-			for (auto& [key, object] : scenes.items()) {
-				glTF::Scene scene;
-				parseScene(&scene, key, object);
-				m_model.scenes.emplace_back(std::move(scene));
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Node
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(json, "nodes")) {
-
-			auto nodes = json["nodes"];
-			VERIFY(nodes.is_array(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'nodes'");
-
-			for (auto& [key, object] : nodes.items()) {
-				glTF::Node node;
-				parseNode(&node, key, object);
-				m_model.nodes.emplace_back(std::move(node));
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Mesh
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(json, "meshes")) {
-
-			auto meshes = json["meshes"];
-			VERIFY(meshes.is_array(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'meshes'");
-
-			for (auto& [key, object] : meshes.items()) {
-				glTF::Mesh mesh;
-				parseMesh(&mesh, key, object);
-				m_model.meshes.emplace_back(std::move(mesh));
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Accessor
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(json, "accessors")) {
-
-			auto accessors = json["accessors"];
-			VERIFY(accessors.is_array(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'accessors'");
-
-			for (auto& [key, object] : accessors.items()) {
-				glTF::Accessor accessor;
-				parseAccessor(&accessor, key, object);
-				m_model.accessors.emplace_back(std::move(accessor));
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Bufferview
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(json, "bufferViews")) {
-
-			auto bufferViews = json["bufferViews"];
-			VERIFY(bufferViews.is_array(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'bufferViews'");
-
-			for (auto& [key, object] : bufferViews.items()) {
-				glTF::BufferView bufferView;
-				parseBufferView(&bufferView, key, object);
-				m_model.bufferViews.emplace_back(std::move(bufferView));
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Buffer
-		// ---------------------------------
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(json, "buffers")) {
-
-			auto buffers = json["buffers"];
-			VERIFY(buffers.is_array(), "Gltf model invalid property type 'buffers'");
-
-			for (auto& [key, object] : buffers.items()) {
-				glTF::Buffer buffer;
-				parseBuffer(&buffer, key, object, &m_model.data);
-				m_model.buffers.emplace_back(std::move(buffer));
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	Gltf::~Gltf()
-	{
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseAsset(glTF::Asset* asset, const json& object)
-	{
-		auto copyright = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "copyright", false);
-
-		auto generator = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "generator", false);
-
-		auto version = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "version", true);
-		VERIFY(version, "GlTF model missing required property 'version'");
-		VERIFY(version.value().compare("2.0") == 0, "GlTF version unsupported '{}'", version.value());
-
-		auto minVersion = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "minVersion", false);
-
-		if (copyright)  asset->copyright = copyright.value();
-		if (generator)  asset->generator = generator.value();
-		if (version)    asset->version = version.value();
-		if (minVersion) asset->minVersion = minVersion.value();
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseScene(glTF::Scene* scene, const std::string& key, const json& object)
-	{
-		auto nodes = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "nodes", false);
-		VERIFY(!nodes || nodes.value().size() > 0, "Gltf scene '{}' empty 'nodes' property", key);
-
-		auto name = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "name", false);
-
-		scene->name = name ? name.value() : key;
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseNode(glTF::Node* node, const std::string& key, const json& object)
-	{
-		auto camera = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "camera", false);
-
-		auto children = Json::parseUnsignedArrayProperty(object, "children", false);
-		VERIFY(!children || children.value().size() > 0, "Gltf node '{}' empty property 'children'", key);
-
-		auto skin = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "skin", false);
-
-		auto matrix = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "matrix", false);
-		VERIFY(!matrix || matrix.value().size() == 16, "Gltf node '{}' property 'matrix' invalid size", key);
-
-		auto mesh = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "mesh", false);
-
-		auto rotation = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "rotation", false);
-		VERIFY(!rotation || rotation.value().size() == 4, "Gltf node '{}' property 'rotation' invalid size", key);
-
-		auto scale = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "scale", false);
-		VERIFY(!scale || scale.value().size() == 3, "Gltf node '{}' property 'scale' invalid size", key);
-
-		auto translation = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "translation", false);
-		VERIFY(!translation || translation.value().size() == 3, "Gltf node '{}' property 'translation' invalid size", key);
-
-		auto weights = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "weights", false);
-		VERIFY(!weights || weights.value().size() > 0, "Gltf node '{}' empty property 'weights'", key);
-
-		auto name = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "name", false);
-
-		if (camera)      node->camera = camera.value();
-		if (children)    node->children = children.value();
-		if (skin)        node->skin = skin.value();
-		if (matrix)      std::copy(matrix.value().begin(), matrix.value().end(), node->matrix.begin());
-		if (mesh)        node->mesh = mesh.value();
-		if (rotation)    std::copy(rotation.value().begin(), rotation.value().end(), node->rotation.begin());
-		if (scale)       std::copy(scale.value().begin(), scale.value().end(), node->scale.begin());
-		if (translation) std::copy(translation.value().begin(), translation.value().end(), node->translation.begin());
-		if (weights)     node->weights = weights.value();
-		node->name = name ? name.value() : key;
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parsePrimitive(glTF::Primitive* primitive, const std::string& key, const json& object)
-	{
-		auto attributes = Json::parseUnsignedObjectProperty(object, "attributes", true);
-		VERIFY(attributes && attributes.value().size() > 0, "Gltf primitive '{}' empty property 'attributes'", key);
-
-		auto indices = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "indices", false);
-
-		auto material = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "material", false);
-
-		auto mode = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "mode", false);
-
-		if (Json::hasProperty(object, "targets")) {
-
-			auto targets = object["targets"];
-			VERIFY(targets.is_array(), "Gltf primitive '{}' property 'targets' invalid type", key);
-
-			for (auto& targetObject : targets) {
-
-				std::map<std::string, uint32_t> target;
-
-				for (auto& [key, propertyValue] : targetObject.items()) {
-					auto value = Json::getPropertyValue<uint32_t>(propertyValue, json::value_t::number_unsigned);
-					if (value) target.emplace(std::move(key), value.value());
-				}
-
-				VERIFY(target.size() > 0, "Gltf primitive '{}' empty 'target' object", key);
-				primitive->targets.emplace_back(std::move(target));
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (attributes) primitive->attributes = attributes.value();
-		if (indices)    primitive->indices = indices.value();
-		if (material)   primitive->material = material.value();
-		if (mode)       primitive->mode = static_cast<unsigned char>(mode.value());
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseMesh(glTF::Mesh* mesh, const std::string& key, const json& object)
-	{
-		VERIFY(Json::hasProperty(object, "primitives"), "Gltf mesh '{}' missing required property 'primitives'", key);
-		auto primitives = object["primitives"];
-		VERIFY(primitives.is_array(), "Gltf mesh '{}' property 'primitives' invalid type", key);
-
-		for (auto& primitiveObject : primitives) {
-			glTF::Primitive primitive;
-			parsePrimitive(&primitive, key, primitiveObject);
-			mesh->primitives.emplace_back(std::move(primitive));
-		}
-
-		auto weights = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "weights", false);
-		VERIFY(!weights || weights.value().size() > 0, "Gltf mesh '{}' empty property 'weights'", key);
-
-		auto name = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "name", false);
-
-		if (weights) mesh->weights = weights.value();
-		mesh->name = name ? name.value() : key;
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseAccessor(glTF::Accessor* accessor, const std::string& key, const json& object)
-	{
-		auto bufferView = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "bufferView", false);
-
-		auto byteOffset = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "byteOffset", false);
-
-		auto componentType = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "componentType", true);
-		VERIFY(componentType, "Gltf accessor '{}' missing required property 'componentType'", key);
-
-		auto normalized = Json::parseBoolProperty(object, "normalized", false);
-
-		auto count = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "count", true);
-		VERIFY(count, "Gltf accessor '{}' missing required property 'count'", key);
-
-		auto type = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "type", true);
-		VERIFY(type, "Gltf accessor '{}' missing required property 'type'", key);
-
-		auto max = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "max", false);
-		VERIFY(!max || max.value().size() > 0, "Gltf accessor '{}' empty property 'max'", key);
-
-		auto min = Json::parseFloatArrayProperty(object, "min", false);
-		VERIFY(!min || min.value().size() > 0, "Gltf accessor '{}' empty property 'min'", key);
-
-		auto name = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "name", false);
-
-		if (bufferView) accessor->bufferView = bufferView.value();
-		if (byteOffset) accessor->byteOffset = byteOffset.value();
-		if (normalized) accessor->normalized = normalized.value();
-		if (count)      accessor->count = count.value();
-		if (type)       accessor->type = type.value();
-		if (max)        accessor->max = max.value();
-		if (min)        accessor->min = min.value();
-		accessor->name = name ? name.value() : key;
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseBufferView(glTF::BufferView* bufferView, const std::string& key, const json& object)
-	{
-		auto buffer = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "buffer", false);
-		VERIFY(buffer, "Gltf bufferView '{}' missing required property 'buffer'", key);
-
-		auto byteOffset = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "byteOffset", false);
-
-		auto byteLength = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "byteLength", true);
-		VERIFY(byteLength, "Gltf bufferView '{}' missing required property 'byteLength'", key);
-
-		auto byteStride = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "byteStride", false);
-
-		auto target = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "target", false);
-
-		auto name = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "name", false);
-
-		if (buffer)     bufferView->buffer = buffer.value();
-		if (byteOffset) bufferView->byteOffset = byteOffset.value();
-		if (byteLength) bufferView->byteLength = byteLength.value();
-		if (byteStride) bufferView->byteStride = byteStride.value();
-		if (target)     bufferView->target = target.value();
-		bufferView->name = name ? name.value() : key;
-	}
-
-	void Gltf::parseBuffer(glTF::Buffer* buffer, const std::string& key, const json& object, std::map<uint32_t, std::shared_ptr<char[]>>* data)
-	{
-		auto uri = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "uri", false);
-
-		// Load external binary data
-		if (uri) {
-			VERIFY(uri.value().find("data:", 0) == std::string::npos, "GltfFile embedded binary data is unsupported");
-			data->emplace(std::stou(key), File::raw("assets/gltf/" + uri.value()));
-		}
-
-		auto byteLength = Json::parseUnsignedProperty(object, "byteLength", true);
-		VERIFY(byteLength, "Gltf buffer '{}' missing required property 'byteLength'", key);
-
-		auto name = Json::parseStringProperty(object, "name", false);
-
-		if (uri)        buffer->uri = uri.value();
-		if (byteLength) buffer->byteLength = byteLength.value();
-		buffer->name = name ? name.value() : key;
-	}
-
-} // namespace Inferno
-#endif

src/inferno/render/gltf.h

@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#if 0
-	#include <cstdint>       // uint32_t
-	#include <memory>        // std::shared_ptr
-	#include <string>        // std::string
-	#include <unordered_map> // std::unordered_map
-	#include <vector>        // std::vector
-
-	#include "ruc/singleton.h"
-
-	#include "inferno/util/json.h"
-
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_SCALAR 1
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_VEC2 2
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_VEC3 3
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_VEC4 4
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_MAT2 8
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_MAT3 12
-	#define GLTF_TYPE_MAT4 16
-
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_BYTE 5120
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_BYTE 5121
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_SHORT 5122
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_SHORT 5123
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_INT 5124
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_UNSIGNED_INT 5125
-	#define GLTF_COMPONENT_TYPE_FLOAT 5126
-
-	#define GLTF_TARGET_ARRAY_BUFFER 34962
-	#define GLTF_TARGET_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER 34963
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-	namespace glTF {
-
-		// Type specifications
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#objects
-
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#asset
-		struct Asset {
-			std::string copyright;
-			std::string generator;
-			std::string version; // Required
-			std::string minVersion;
-		};
-
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#scenes
-		struct Scene {
-			std::vector<uint32_t> nodes;
-			std::string name;
-		};
-
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#nodes-and-hierarchy
-		struct Node {
-			uint32_t camera;
-			std::vector<uint32_t> children;
-			uint32_t skin;
-			std::array<float, 16> matrix { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; // Identity matrix
-			uint32_t mesh;
-			std::array<float, 4> rotation { 0, 0, 0, 1 };
-			std::array<float, 3> scale { 1, 1, 1 };
-			std::array<float, 3> translation { 0, 0, 0 };
-			std::vector<float> weights;
-			std::string name;
-		};
-
-		struct Primitive {
-			std::map<std::string, uint32_t> attributes; // Required
-			uint32_t indices;
-			uint32_t material;
-			unsigned char mode { 4 };
-			std::vector<std::map<std::string, uint32_t>> targets;
-		};
-
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#meshes
-		struct Mesh {
-			std::vector<Primitive> primitives; // Required
-			std::vector<float> weights;
-			std::string name;
-		};
-
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#accessors
-		struct Accessor {
-			uint32_t bufferView;
-			uint32_t byteOffset { 0 };
-			uint32_t componentType;    // Required
-			bool normalized { false };
-			uint32_t count;            // Required
-			std::string type;          // Required
-			std::vector<float> max;
-			std::vector<float> min;
-			std::string name;
-		};
-
-		// https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/tree/master/specification/2.0#buffers-and-buffer-views
-		struct BufferView {
-			uint32_t buffer;           // Required
-			uint32_t byteOffset { 0 };
-			uint32_t byteLength;       // Required
-			uint32_t byteStride;
-			uint32_t target;
-			std::string name;
-		};
-
-		struct Buffer {
-			std::string uri;
-			uint32_t byteLength; // Required
-			std::string name;
-		};
-
-		struct Model {
-			Asset asset;
-
-			std::vector<Scene> scenes;
-			std::vector<Node> nodes;
-			std::vector<Mesh> meshes;
-			std::vector<Accessor> accessors;
-			std::vector<BufferView> bufferViews;
-			std::vector<Buffer> buffers;
-
-			std::map<uint32_t, std::shared_ptr<char[]>> data;
-		};
-
-	} // namespace glTF
-
-// -----------------------------------------
-
-	class Gltf {
-	public:
-		Gltf(const std::string& path);
-		virtual ~Gltf();
-
-		inline const glTF::Model& model() const { return m_model; }
-
-	private:
-		static void parseAsset(glTF::Asset* asset, const json& object);
-		static void parseScene(glTF::Scene* scene, const std::string& key, const json& object);
-		static void parseNode(glTF::Node* node, const std::string& key, const json& object);
-		static void parsePrimitive(glTF::Primitive* primitive, const std::string& key, const json& object);
-		static void parseMesh(glTF::Mesh* mesh, const std::string& key, const json& object);
-		static void parseAccessor(glTF::Accessor* accessor, const std::string& key, const json& object);
-		static void parseBufferView(glTF::BufferView* bufferView, const std::string& key, const json& object);
-		static void parseBuffer(glTF::Buffer* buffer, const std::string& key, const json& object, std::map<uint32_t, std::shared_ptr<char[]>>* data);
-
-		std::string m_path;
-		glTF::Model m_model;
-	};
-
-// -----------------------------------------
-
-	class GltfManager final : ruc::Singleton<GltfManager> {
-	public:
-		GltfManager(s) {}
-		virtual ~GltfManager() {}
-
-		void add(const std::string& path, std::shared_ptr<Gltf> gltf);
-		std::shared_ptr<Gltf> load(const std::string& path);
-		std::shared_ptr<Gltf> get(const std::string& path);
-		bool exists(const std::string& path);
-
-		void remove(const std::string& path);
-		void remove(std::shared_ptr<Gltf> gltf);
-
-	private:
-		std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Gltf>> m_gltfList;
-	};
-
-} // namespace Inferno
-#endif

src/inferno/render/render-command.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "ruc/format/log.h"
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+
+#include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/render-command.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+void RenderCommand::initialize()
+{
+	setDepthTest(true);
+
+	// Enable transparency
+	glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+
+	ruc::info("RenderCommand initialized");
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::destroy()
+{
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::clearBit(uint32_t bits)
+{
+	// GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT
+	glClear(bits);
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::clearColor(const glm::vec4& color)
+{
+	glClearColor(color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a);
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::drawIndexed(std::shared_ptr<VertexArray> vertexArray, uint32_t indexCount)
+{
+	uint32_t count = indexCount ? indexCount : vertexArray->indexBuffer()->count();
+	glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, count, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::setViewport(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
+{
+	glViewport(x, y, width, height);
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::setDepthTest(bool enabled)
+{
+	// Set z-buffer / depth buffer
+	enabled ? glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) : glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+}
+
+void RenderCommand::setColorAttachmentCount(uint32_t count)
+{
+	static constexpr uint32_t colorAttachments[] = {
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT1, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT3, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT4, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT5,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT6, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT7, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT8,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT9, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT10, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT11,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT12, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT13, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT14,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT15, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT16, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT17,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT18, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT19, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT20,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT21, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT22, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT23,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT24, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT25, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT26,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT27, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT28, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT29,
+		GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT30, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT31
+	};
+	static constexpr uint32_t maxCount = sizeof(colorAttachments) / sizeof(colorAttachments[0]);
+	VERIFY(count > 0 && count <= maxCount, "incorrect colorbuffer count: {}/{}", count, maxCount);
+	glDrawBuffers(static_cast<int32_t>(count), colorAttachments); // Multiple Render Targets (MRT)
+}
+
+bool RenderCommand::depthTest()
+{
+	unsigned char depthTest = GL_FALSE;
+	glGetBooleanv(GL_DEPTH_TEST, &depthTest);
+	return depthTest == GL_TRUE;
+}
+
+int32_t RenderCommand::textureUnitAmount()
+{
+	int32_t amount = 0;
+	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS, &amount);
+	return amount;
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/render-command.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
+#include <memory>  // std::shadred_ptr
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+class VertexArray;
+
+class RenderCommand {
+public:
+	static void initialize();
+	static void destroy();
+
+	static void clearBit(uint32_t bits);
+	static void clearColor(const glm::vec4& color);
+	static void drawIndexed(std::shared_ptr<VertexArray> vertexArray, uint32_t indexCount = 0);
+
+	static void setViewport(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+	static void setDepthTest(bool enabled);
+	static void setColorAttachmentCount(uint32_t count);
+
+	static bool depthTest();
+	static int32_t textureUnitAmount();
+};
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/renderer.cpp

@@ -1,231 +1,240 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
-#include <algorithm> // std::min
-#include <utility>   // std::move
+#include <algorithm> // std::copy, std::min
+#include <span>
 
 #include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp" // glm::vec4
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 
+#include "inferno/asset/asset-manager.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/shader.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/texture.h"
+#include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/render-command.h"
 #include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
-#include "inferno/render/shader.h"
-#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
-void RenderCommand::initialize()
-{
-	setDepthTest(true);
-
-	// Enable transparency
-	glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
-	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
-
-	ruc::info("RenderCommand initialized");
-}
-
-void RenderCommand::destroy()
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::beginScene(glm::mat4, glm::mat4)
 {
 }
 
-void RenderCommand::clear()
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::endScene()
 {
-	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
-}
-
-void RenderCommand::clearColor(const glm::vec4& color)
-{
-	glClearColor(color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a);
-}
-
-void RenderCommand::drawIndexed(const VertexArray& vertexArray, uint32_t indexCount)
-{
-	uint32_t count = indexCount ? indexCount : vertexArray.getIndexBuffer()->getCount();
-	glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, count, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
-}
-
-void RenderCommand::setViewport(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
-{
-	glViewport(x, y, width, height);
-}
-
-void RenderCommand::setDepthTest(bool enabled)
-{
-	// Set z-buffer / depth buffer
-	enabled ? glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) : glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
-}
-
-bool RenderCommand::depthTest()
-{
-	unsigned char depthTest = GL_FALSE;
-	glGetBooleanv(GL_DEPTH_TEST, &depthTest);
-	return depthTest == GL_TRUE;
-}
-
-int32_t RenderCommand::textureUnitAmount()
-{
-	int32_t amount = 0;
-	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS, &amount);
-	return amount;
+	nextBatch();
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
-uint32_t Renderer::m_supportedTextureUnitPerBatch = 0;
-
-void Renderer::initialize()
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::initialize()
 {
 	// Get amount of texture units supported by the GPU
-	uint32_t constTextureUnitCount = textureUnitPerBatch;
 	uint32_t gpuTextureUnitCount = RenderCommand::textureUnitAmount();
-	m_supportedTextureUnitPerBatch = std::min(constTextureUnitCount, gpuTextureUnitCount);
+	m_maxSupportedTextureSlots = std::min(maxTextureSlots, gpuTextureUnitCount);
 
 	// Texture unit 0 is reserved for no texture
-	m_textureUnits[0] = nullptr;
+	m_textureSlots[0] = nullptr;
 
 	// Create texture unit samplers
-	int32_t samplers[textureUnitPerBatch];
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < textureUnitPerBatch; i++) {
+	int32_t samplers[maxTextureSlots];
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < maxTextureSlots; i++) {
 		samplers[i] = i;
 	}
 
 	// Create shader
 	loadShader();
 	m_shader->bind();
-	m_shader->setInt("u_textures", samplers, textureUnitPerBatch);
+	m_shader->setInt("u_textures", samplers, maxTextureSlots);
 	m_shader->unbind();
 
 	// Create vertex array
 	m_vertexArray = std::make_shared<VertexArray>();
+
+	createElementBuffer();
 }
 
-void Renderer::destroy()
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::destroy()
 {
 }
 
-uint32_t Renderer::addTextureUnit(std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+template<typename T>
+uint32_t Renderer<T>::addTextureUnit(std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
 {
 	if (texture == nullptr) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	// Create a new batch if the texture unit limit has been reached
-	if (m_textureUnitIndex >= m_supportedTextureUnitPerBatch) {
+	if (m_textureSlotIndex >= m_maxSupportedTextureSlots) {
 		nextBatch();
 	}
 
 	// If texure was already added
-	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < m_textureUnitIndex; i++) {
-		if (m_textureUnits[i] == texture) {
+	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < m_textureSlotIndex; i++) {
+		if (m_textureSlots[i] == texture) {
 			return i;
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Add texture
-	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = m_textureUnitIndex;
-	m_textureUnits[textureUnitIndex] = texture;
-	m_textureUnitIndex++;
+	uint32_t textureSlotIndex = m_textureSlotIndex;
+	m_textureSlots[textureSlotIndex] = texture;
+	m_textureSlotIndex++;
 
-	return textureUnitIndex;
+	return textureSlotIndex;
 }
 
-void Renderer::bind()
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::bind()
 {
 	m_shader->bind();
 
-	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < m_textureUnitIndex; i++) {
-		m_textureUnits[i]->bind(i);
+	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < m_textureSlotIndex; i++) {
+		m_textureSlots[i]->bind(i);
 	}
 
 	m_vertexArray->bind();
 }
 
-void Renderer::unbind()
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::unbind()
 {
 	m_vertexArray->unbind();
 
-	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < m_textureUnitIndex; i++) {
-		m_textureUnits[i]->unbind();
+	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < m_textureSlotIndex; i++) {
+		m_textureSlots[i]->unbind();
 	}
 
 	m_shader->unbind();
 }
 
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::createElementBuffer()
+{
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// CPU
+
+	// Generate indices
+
+	uint32_t* elements = new uint32_t[maxElements];
+
+	uint32_t offset = 0;
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < maxElements; i += elementPerQuad) {
+		elements[i + 0] = offset + 0;
+		elements[i + 1] = offset + 1;
+		elements[i + 2] = offset + 2;
+		elements[i + 3] = offset + 2;
+		elements[i + 4] = offset + 3;
+		elements[i + 5] = offset + 0;
+
+		offset += vertexPerQuad;
+	}
+
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// GPU
+
+	// Create index buffer
+	auto indexBuffer = std::make_shared<IndexBuffer>(elements, sizeof(uint32_t) * maxElements);
+	m_vertexArray->setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer);
+	delete[] elements;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::flush()
+{
+	if (m_vertexIndex == 0 || m_elementIndex == 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Upload index data to GPU
+	uploadElementBuffer();
+
+	// Upload vertex data to GPU
+	m_vertexArray->at(0)->uploadData(m_vertexBufferBase.get(), m_vertexIndex * sizeof(T));
+
+	bind();
+
+	// Render
+	bool depthTest = RenderCommand::depthTest();
+	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(m_enableDepthBuffer);
+	RenderCommand::setColorAttachmentCount(m_colorAttachmentCount);
+	RenderCommand::drawIndexed(m_vertexArray, m_elementIndex);
+	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(depthTest);
+
+	unbind();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::startBatch()
+{
+	m_vertexIndex = 0;
+	m_elementIndex = 0;
+	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
+
+	m_textureSlotIndex = 1;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+void Renderer<T>::nextBatch()
+{
+	flush();
+	startBatch();
+}
+
 // -----------------------------------------
 
 Renderer2D::Renderer2D(s)
 {
-	Renderer::initialize();
-
-	// CPU
-	// ---------------------------------
-
-	// Create array for storing quads vertices
-	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<QuadVertex[]>(vertexCount);
-	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
-
-	// Set default quad vertex positions
-	m_vertexPositions[0] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
-	m_vertexPositions[1] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
-	m_vertexPositions[2] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
-	m_vertexPositions[3] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
-
-	// Generate indices
-
-	uint32_t* indices = new uint32_t[indexCount];
-
-	uint32_t offset = 0;
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i += indexPerQuad) {
-		indices[i + 0] = offset + 0;
-		indices[i + 1] = offset + 1;
-		indices[i + 2] = offset + 2;
-		indices[i + 3] = offset + 2;
-		indices[i + 4] = offset + 3;
-		indices[i + 5] = offset + 0;
-
-		offset += vertexPerQuad;
-	}
-
-	// GPU
-	// ---------------------------------
-
-	// Create vertex buffer
-	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(QuadVertex) * vertexCount);
-	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
-		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_position" },
-		{ BufferElementType::Vec4, "a_color" },
-		{ BufferElementType::Vec2, "a_textureCoordinates" },
-		{ BufferElementType::Float, "a_textureIndex" },
-	});
-	m_vertexArray->addVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);
-
-	// Create index buffer
-	auto indexBuffer = std::make_shared<IndexBuffer>(indices, sizeof(uint32_t) * indexCount);
-	m_vertexArray->setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer);
-	delete[] indices;
-
-	ruc::info("Renderer2D initialized");
+	Renderer2D::initialize();
 }
 
 Renderer2D::~Renderer2D()
 {
-	Renderer::destroy();
 }
 
-void Renderer2D::beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView)
+void Renderer2D::initialize()
 {
-	m_shader->bind();
-	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView", cameraProjectionView);
-	m_shader->unbind();
-}
+	Renderer::initialize();
 
-void Renderer2D::endScene()
-{
-	nextBatch();
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// CPU
+
+	// Create array for storing quads vertices
+	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<QuadVertex[]>(maxVertices);
+	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
+
+	// Set default quad vertex positions
+	m_vertexPositions[0] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[1] = { 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[2] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[3] = { -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
+
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// GPU
+
+	m_enableDepthBuffer = false;
+
+	// Create vertex buffer
+	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(QuadVertex) * maxVertices);
+	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_position" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec4, "a_color" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec2, "a_textureCoordinates" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Uint, "a_textureIndex" },
+	});
+	m_vertexArray->addVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+
+	ruc::info("Renderer2D initialized");
 }
 
 void Renderer2D::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color)
@@ -246,7 +255,7 @@ void Renderer2D::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color,
 void Renderer2D::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
 {
 	// Create a new batch if the quad limit has been reached
-	if (m_quadIndex >= quadCount) {
+	if (m_vertexIndex + vertexPerQuad > maxVertices || m_elementIndex + elementPerQuad > maxElements) {
 		nextBatch();
 	}
 
@@ -264,90 +273,168 @@ void Renderer2D::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color,
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * m_vertexPositions[i];
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->color = color[i];
 		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureCoordinates = textureCoordinates[i];
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = (float)textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
 		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
 	}
 
-	m_quadIndex++;
+	m_vertexIndex += vertexPerQuad;
+	m_elementIndex += elementPerQuad;
 }
 
 void Renderer2D::loadShader()
 {
-	m_shader = ShaderManager::the().load("assets/glsl/batch-quad");
-}
-
-void Renderer2D::flush()
-{
-	if (m_quadIndex == 0) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// Upload vertex data to GPU
-	m_vertexArray->getVertexBuffers().at(0)->uploadData(
-		m_vertexBufferBase.get(),
-		m_quadIndex * vertexPerQuad * sizeof(QuadVertex));
-
-	bind();
-
-	// Render
-	RenderCommand::drawIndexed(*m_vertexArray, m_quadIndex * indexPerQuad);
-
-	unbind();
-}
-
-void Renderer2D::startBatch()
-{
-	m_quadIndex = 0;
-	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
-
-	m_textureUnitIndex = 1;
-}
-
-void Renderer2D::nextBatch()
-{
-	flush();
-	startBatch();
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/batch-2d");
 }
 
 // -----------------------------------------
 
-RendererCharacter::RendererCharacter(s)
+RendererCubemap::RendererCubemap(s)
+{
+	RendererCubemap::initialize();
+}
+
+RendererCubemap::~RendererCubemap()
+{
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::initialize()
 {
 	Renderer::initialize();
 
-	// CPU
 	// ---------------------------------
+	// CPU
 
 	// Create array for storing quads vertices
-	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<CharacterVertex[]>(vertexCount);
+	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<CubemapVertex[]>(maxVertices);
 	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
 
-	// Generate indices
+	// Set default cubemap vertex positions
 
-	uint32_t* indices = new uint32_t[indexCount];
+	// Back face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[0] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[1] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[2] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[3] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
 
-	uint32_t offset = 0;
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i += indexPerQuad) {
-		indices[i + 0] = offset + 0;
-		indices[i + 1] = offset + 1;
-		indices[i + 2] = offset + 2;
-		indices[i + 3] = offset + 2;
-		indices[i + 4] = offset + 3;
-		indices[i + 5] = offset + 0;
+	// Left face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[7] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[6] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[5] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[4] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
 
-		offset += vertexPerQuad;
-	}
+	// Right face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[8] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[9] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[10] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[11] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Front face - v
+	m_vertexPositions[12] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[13] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[14] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[15] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Top face
+	m_vertexPositions[16] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[17] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[18] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[19] = { -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+
+	// Bottom face
+	m_vertexPositions[20] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[21] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[22] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
+	m_vertexPositions[23] = { 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f };
 
-	// GPU
 	// ---------------------------------
+	// GPU
+
+	m_enableDepthBuffer = false;
 
 	// Create vertex buffer
-	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(CharacterVertex) * vertexCount);
+	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(CubemapVertex) * maxVertices);
+	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_position" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec4, "a_color" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Uint, "a_textureIndex" },
+	});
+	m_vertexArray->addVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+
+	ruc::info("RendererCubemap initialized");
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjection, glm::mat4 cameraView)
+{
+	// We want the skybox fixed in position, so only retain the rotation and scale.
+	// Set the translation of the camera's view matrix to 0, meaning:
+	// x x x 0
+	// x x x 0
+	// x x x 0
+	// 0 0 0 1
+	cameraView = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(cameraView));
+
+	m_shader->bind();
+	m_shader->setFloat("u_projectionView", cameraProjection * cameraView);
+	m_shader->unbind();
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+{
+	drawCubemap(transform, glm::mat4(color, color, color, color), texture);
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+{
+	// Create a new batch if the quad limit has been reached
+	if (m_vertexIndex + (vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube) > maxVertices
+	    || m_elementIndex + (elementPerQuad * quadPerCube) > maxElements) {
+		nextBatch();
+	}
+
+	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = addTextureUnit(texture);
+
+	// Add the quads 4 vertices, 6 times, once per cube side
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube; i++) {
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * m_vertexPositions[i];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->color = color[i % 4];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
+	}
+
+	m_vertexIndex += vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube;
+	m_elementIndex += elementPerQuad * quadPerCube;
+}
+
+void RendererCubemap::loadShader()
+{
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/batch-cubemap");
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+RendererFont::RendererFont(s)
+{
+	Renderer::initialize();
+
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// CPU
+
+	// Create array for storing quads vertices
+	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<SymbolVertex[]>(maxVertices);
+	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
+
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// GPU
+
+	m_enableDepthBuffer = false;
+
+	// Create vertex buffer
+	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(SymbolVertex) * maxVertices);
 	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
 		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_position" },
 		{ BufferElementType::Vec4, "a_color" },
 		{ BufferElementType::Vec2, "a_textureCoordinates" },
-		{ BufferElementType::Float, "a_textureIndex" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Uint, "a_textureIndex" },
 		{ BufferElementType::Float, "a_width" },
 		{ BufferElementType::Float, "a_edge" },
 		{ BufferElementType::Float, "a_borderWidth" },
@@ -357,32 +444,17 @@ RendererCharacter::RendererCharacter(s)
 	});
 	m_vertexArray->addVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);
 
-	// Create index buffer
-	auto indexBuffer = std::make_shared<IndexBuffer>(indices, sizeof(uint32_t) * indexCount);
-	m_vertexArray->setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer);
-	delete[] indices;
-
-	ruc::info("RendererCharacter initialized");
+	ruc::info("RendererFont initialized");
 }
 
-RendererCharacter::~RendererCharacter()
-{
-	Renderer::destroy();
-}
-
-void RendererCharacter::beginScene()
+RendererFont::~RendererFont()
 {
 }
 
-void RendererCharacter::endScene()
-{
-	nextBatch();
-}
-
-void RendererCharacter::drawCharacter(std::array<CharacterVertex, vertexPerQuad>& characterQuad, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+void RendererFont::drawSymbol(std::array<SymbolVertex, vertexPerQuad>& symbolQuad, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
 {
 	// Create a new batch if the quad limit has been reached
-	if (m_quadIndex >= quadCount) {
+	if (m_vertexIndex + vertexPerQuad > maxVertices || m_elementIndex + elementPerQuad > maxElements) {
 		nextBatch();
 	}
 
@@ -390,63 +462,199 @@ void RendererCharacter::drawCharacter(std::array<CharacterVertex, vertexPerQuad>
 
 	// Add the quads 4 vertices
 	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexPerQuad; i++) {
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.position = characterQuad[i].quad.position;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.color = characterQuad[i].quad.color;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.textureCoordinates = characterQuad[i].quad.textureCoordinates;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.textureIndex = (float)textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.position = symbolQuad[i].quad.position;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.color = symbolQuad[i].quad.color;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.textureCoordinates = symbolQuad[i].quad.textureCoordinates;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->quad.textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
 
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->width = characterQuad[i].width;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->edge = characterQuad[i].edge;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->borderWidth = characterQuad[i].borderWidth;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->borderEdge = characterQuad[i].borderEdge;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->borderColor = characterQuad[i].borderColor;
-		m_vertexBufferPtr->offset = characterQuad[i].offset;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->width = symbolQuad[i].width;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->edge = symbolQuad[i].edge;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->borderWidth = symbolQuad[i].borderWidth;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->borderEdge = symbolQuad[i].borderEdge;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->borderColor = symbolQuad[i].borderColor;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->offset = symbolQuad[i].offset;
 
 		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
 	}
 
-	m_quadIndex++;
+	m_vertexIndex += vertexPerQuad;
+	m_elementIndex += elementPerQuad;
 }
 
-void RendererCharacter::loadShader()
+void RendererFont::loadShader()
 {
-	m_shader = ShaderManager::the().load("assets/glsl/batch-font");
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/batch-font");
 }
 
-void RendererCharacter::flush()
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+Renderer3D::Renderer3D(s)
 {
-	if (m_quadIndex == 0) {
-		return;
-	}
+	Renderer::initialize();
 
-	// Upload vertex data to GPU
-	m_vertexArray->getVertexBuffers().at(0)->uploadData(
-		m_vertexBufferBase.get(),
-		m_quadIndex * vertexPerQuad * sizeof(CharacterVertex));
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// CPU
 
-	bind();
-
-	// Render
-	bool depthTest = RenderCommand::depthTest();
-	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(false);
-	RenderCommand::drawIndexed(*m_vertexArray, m_quadIndex * indexPerQuad);
-	RenderCommand::setDepthTest(depthTest);
-
-	unbind();
-}
-
-void RendererCharacter::startBatch()
-{
-	m_quadIndex = 0;
+	// Create array for storing quads vertices
+	m_vertexBufferBase = std::make_unique<Vertex[]>(maxVertices);
 	m_vertexBufferPtr = m_vertexBufferBase.get();
 
-	m_textureUnitIndex = 1;
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// GPU
+
+	m_enableDepthBuffer = true;
+	m_colorAttachmentCount = 3;
+
+	// Create vertex buffer
+	auto vertexBuffer = std::make_shared<VertexBuffer>(sizeof(Vertex) * maxVertices);
+	vertexBuffer->setLayout({
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_position" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec3, "a_normal" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec4, "a_color" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec2, "a_textureCoordinates" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Uint, "a_textureIndex" },
+	});
+	m_vertexArray->addVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+
+	ruc::info("Renderer3D initialized");
 }
 
-void RendererCharacter::nextBatch()
+Renderer3D::~Renderer3D()
 {
-	flush();
-	startBatch();
+}
+
+void Renderer3D::drawModel(std::span<const Vertex> vertices, std::span<const uint32_t> elements, const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+{
+	// ruc::error("drawModel");
+
+	VERIFY(vertices.size() <= maxVertices, "model vertices too big for buffer, {}/{}", vertices.size(), maxVertices);
+	VERIFY(elements.size() <= maxElements, "model elements too big for buffer, {}/{}", elements.size(), maxElements);
+
+	// Create a new batch if the quad limit has been reached
+	if (m_vertexIndex + vertices.size() > maxVertices || m_elementIndex + elements.size() > maxElements) {
+		nextBatch();
+	}
+
+	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = addTextureUnit(texture);
+
+	// Add the vertices
+	glm::mat3 normalMatrix = glm::mat3(glm::transpose(glm::inverse(transform.transform)));
+	for (const auto& vertex : vertices) {
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * glm::vec4(vertex.position, 1.0f);
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->normal = normalMatrix * vertex.normal; // take non-uniform scaling into consideration
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->color = color;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureCoordinates = vertex.textureCoordinates;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
+	}
+
+	// Copy element indices to the element buffer
+	for (const auto& element : elements) {
+		// Indices are referenced relative to vertices[0], if there are multiple models in a batch,
+		// then the indices need to be offset by the total amount of vertices
+		*m_elementBufferPtr++ = element + m_vertexIndex;
+	}
+
+	m_vertexIndex += vertices.size();
+	m_elementIndex += elements.size();
+}
+
+void Renderer3D::createElementBuffer()
+{
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// CPU
+
+	// Create array for storing quads vertices
+	m_elementBufferBase = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(maxElements);
+	m_elementBufferPtr = m_elementBufferBase.get();
+
+	// ---------------------------------
+	// GPU
+
+	// Create index buffer
+	auto indexBuffer = std::make_shared<IndexBuffer>(m_elementBufferBase.get(), sizeof(uint32_t) * maxElements);
+	m_vertexArray->setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer);
+}
+
+void Renderer3D::uploadElementBuffer()
+{
+	m_vertexArray->indexBuffer()->uploadData(m_elementBufferBase.get(), m_elementIndex * sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+void Renderer3D::loadShader()
+{
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/batch-3d");
+}
+
+void Renderer3D::startBatch()
+{
+	Renderer<Vertex>::startBatch();
+	m_elementBufferPtr = m_elementBufferBase.get();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+RendererPostProcess::RendererPostProcess(s)
+{
+	Renderer2D::initialize();
+
+	ruc::info("RendererPostProcess initialized");
+}
+
+RendererPostProcess::~RendererPostProcess()
+{
+}
+
+void RendererPostProcess::drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, std::shared_ptr<Texture> albedo, std::shared_ptr<Texture> position, std::shared_ptr<Texture> normal)
+{
+	nextBatch();
+
+	constexpr glm::vec2 textureCoordinates[] = {
+		{ 0.0f, 0.0f },
+		{ 1.0f, 0.0f },
+		{ 1.0f, 1.0f },
+		{ 0.0f, 1.0f }
+	};
+
+	uint32_t textureUnitIndex = addTextureUnit(albedo);
+	addTextureUnit(position);
+	addTextureUnit(normal);
+
+	// Add the quads 4 vertices
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexPerQuad; i++) {
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->position = transform.transform * m_vertexPositions[i];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureCoordinates = textureCoordinates[i];
+		m_vertexBufferPtr->textureIndex = textureUnitIndex;
+		m_vertexBufferPtr++;
+	}
+
+	m_vertexIndex += vertexPerQuad;
+	m_elementIndex += elementPerQuad;
+}
+
+void RendererPostProcess::loadShader()
+{
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/post-process");
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+RendererLightCube::RendererLightCube(s)
+{
+	RendererCubemap::initialize();
+
+	m_enableDepthBuffer = true;
+
+	ruc::info("RendererLightCube initialized");
+}
+
+RendererLightCube::~RendererLightCube()
+{
+}
+
+void RendererLightCube::loadShader()
+{
+	m_shader = AssetManager::the().load<Shader>("assets/glsl/lightsource");
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/renderer.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr, std::unique_ptr, std::make_shared, std::make_unique
+#include <span>
 
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp" // glm::mat4
 #include "glm/ext/vector_float2.hpp"   // glm::vec2
@@ -15,22 +16,28 @@
 #include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp"   // glm::vec4
 #include "ruc/singleton.h"
 
-#include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/asset/shader.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
-class Shader;
 class Texture;
+class TransformComponent;
 class VertexArray;
 
 struct QuadVertex {
-	glm::vec3 position { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
-	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
-	glm::vec2 textureCoordinates { 0.0f, 0.0f };
-	float textureIndex = 0; // @Todo get int to pass to fragment correctly
+	glm::vec3 position { 0.0f };
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
+	glm::vec2 textureCoordinates { 0.0f };
+	uint32_t textureIndex { 0 };
 };
 
-struct CharacterVertex {
+struct CubemapVertex {
+	glm::vec3 position { 0.0f };
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
+	uint32_t textureIndex { 0 };
+};
+
+struct SymbolVertex {
 	QuadVertex quad;
 
 	// Font
@@ -39,39 +46,45 @@ struct CharacterVertex {
 	// Outline
 	float borderWidth = 0.7f;
 	float borderEdge = 0.1f;
-	glm::vec4 borderColor { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
+	glm::vec4 borderColor { 1.0f };
 	// Dropshadow
 	float offset = 0.0f;
 };
 
-// -------------------------------------
-
-class RenderCommand {
-public:
-	static void initialize();
-	static void destroy();
-
-	static void clear();
-	static void clearColor(const glm::vec4& color);
-	static void drawIndexed(const VertexArray& vertexArray, uint32_t indexCount = 0);
-
-	static void setViewport(int32_t x, int32_t y, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
-	static void setDepthTest(bool enabled);
-
-	static bool depthTest();
-	static int32_t textureUnitAmount();
+struct Vertex {
+	glm::vec3 position { 0.0f };
+	glm::vec3 normal { 1.0f };
+	glm::vec4 color { 1.0f };
+	glm::vec2 textureCoordinates { 0.0f };
+	uint32_t textureIndex { 0 };
 };
 
 // -------------------------------------
 
+template<typename T>
 class Renderer {
 public:
-	static const uint32_t vertexPerQuad = 4;
-	static const uint32_t indexPerQuad = 6;
-	static const uint32_t textureUnitPerBatch = 32;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t vertexPerFace = 3;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t elementPerFace = 3;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t vertexPerQuad = 4;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t elementPerQuad = 6;
+
+	// When to start a new batch
+	static constexpr const uint32_t maxVertices = 60000;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t maxElements = 60000;
+	static constexpr const uint32_t maxTextureSlots = 32;
+
+public:
+	virtual void beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjection, glm::mat4 cameraView);
+	virtual void endScene();
+
+	void setEnableDepthBuffer(bool state) { m_enableDepthBuffer = state; }
+
+	uint32_t shaderID() const { return m_shader->id(); }
 
 protected:
 	Renderer() {}
+	virtual ~Renderer() { destroy(); };
 
 	void initialize();
 	void destroy();
@@ -80,27 +93,43 @@ protected:
 
 	void bind();
 	void unbind();
-	virtual void loadShader() = 0;
-	virtual void flush() = 0;
-	virtual void startBatch() = 0;
-	virtual void nextBatch() = 0;
 
-	uint32_t m_quadIndex = 0;
+	virtual void createElementBuffer();
+	virtual void uploadElementBuffer() {}
+	virtual void loadShader() = 0;
+	virtual void flush();
+	virtual void startBatch();
+	virtual void nextBatch();
+
+protected:
+	// CPU quad vertices
+	uint32_t m_vertexIndex { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_elementIndex { 0 };
+	std::unique_ptr<T[]> m_vertexBufferBase { nullptr };
+	T* m_vertexBufferPtr { nullptr };
 
 	// Texture units
-	static uint32_t m_supportedTextureUnitPerBatch;
-	uint32_t m_textureUnitIndex = 1;
-	std::array<std::shared_ptr<Texture>, textureUnitPerBatch> m_textureUnits;
+	static inline uint32_t m_maxSupportedTextureSlots { 0 };
+	uint32_t m_textureSlotIndex { 1 };
+	std::array<std::shared_ptr<Texture>, maxTextureSlots> m_textureSlots;
 
 	// GPU objects
+	bool m_enableDepthBuffer { true };
+	uint32_t m_colorAttachmentCount { 1 };
 	std::shared_ptr<Shader> m_shader;
 	std::shared_ptr<VertexArray> m_vertexArray;
 };
 
+// TOOD:
+// v Deduplicate flush()
+//   v Add bool for disabling depth buffer
+//   - Add Size for uploadData (this is prob not needed, we got T already)
+// - Decide if its worth to remove template<T> from Renderer, just cast vertexBufferPtr before usage
+
 // -------------------------------------
 
-class Renderer2D final
-	: public Renderer
+class Renderer2D
+	: public Renderer<QuadVertex>
 	, public ruc::Singleton<Renderer2D> {
 public:
 	Renderer2D(s);
@@ -108,61 +137,131 @@ public:
 
 	using Singleton<Renderer2D>::destroy;
 
-	static const uint32_t quadCount = 1000;
-	static const uint32_t vertexCount = quadCount * vertexPerQuad;
-	static const uint32_t indexCount = quadCount * indexPerQuad;
-
-	void beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView);
-	void endScene();
-
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color);
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color);
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 
-private:
-	void loadShader() override;
-	void flush() override;
-	void startBatch() override;
-	void nextBatch() override;
+protected:
+	Renderer2D() {} // Needed for derived classes
 
-	// CPU quad vertices
-	std::unique_ptr<QuadVertex[]> m_vertexBufferBase;
-	QuadVertex* m_vertexBufferPtr { nullptr };
+	void initialize();
 
 	// Default quad vertex positions
 	glm::vec4 m_vertexPositions[vertexPerQuad];
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
+};
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class RendererCubemap
+	: public Renderer<CubemapVertex>
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererCubemap> {
+public:
+	static constexpr const uint32_t quadPerCube = 6;
+
+public:
+	RendererCubemap(s);
+	virtual ~RendererCubemap();
+
+	using Singleton<RendererCubemap>::destroy;
+
+	virtual void beginScene(glm::mat4 cameraProjection, glm::mat4 cameraView) override;
+
+	void drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+	void drawCubemap(const TransformComponent& transform, glm::mat4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+
+protected:
+	RendererCubemap() {} // Needed for derived classes
+
+	void initialize();
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
+
+	// Default cubemap vertex positions
+	glm::vec4 m_vertexPositions[vertexPerQuad * quadPerCube];
 };
 
 // -------------------------------------
 
-class RendererCharacter final
-	: public Renderer
-	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererCharacter> {
+class RendererFont final
+	: public Renderer<SymbolVertex>
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererFont> {
 public:
-	RendererCharacter(s);
-	virtual ~RendererCharacter();
+	RendererFont(s);
+	virtual ~RendererFont();
 
-	using Singleton<RendererCharacter>::destroy;
+	using Singleton<RendererFont>::destroy;
 
-	static const uint32_t quadCount = 1000;
-	static const uint32_t vertexCount = quadCount * vertexPerQuad;
-	static const uint32_t indexCount = quadCount * indexPerQuad;
-
-	void beginScene();
-	void endScene();
-
-	void drawCharacter(std::array<CharacterVertex, vertexPerQuad>& characterQuad, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+	void drawSymbol(std::array<SymbolVertex, vertexPerQuad>& symbolQuad, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 
 private:
 	void loadShader() override;
-	void flush() override;
-	void startBatch() override;
-	void nextBatch() override;
+};
 
-	// CPU quad vertices
-	std::unique_ptr<CharacterVertex[]> m_vertexBufferBase;
-	CharacterVertex* m_vertexBufferPtr { nullptr };
+// -------------------------------------
+
+class Renderer3D final
+	: public Renderer<Vertex>
+	, public ruc::Singleton<Renderer3D> {
+public:
+	Renderer3D(s);
+	virtual ~Renderer3D();
+
+	using Singleton<Renderer3D>::destroy;
+
+	void drawModel(std::span<const Vertex> vertices, std::span<const uint32_t> indices, const TransformComponent& transform, glm::vec4 color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
+
+private:
+	void createElementBuffer() override;
+	void uploadElementBuffer() override;
+	void loadShader() override;
+	void startBatch() override;
+
+private:
+	// CPU element vertices
+	std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> m_elementBufferBase { nullptr };
+	uint32_t* m_elementBufferPtr { nullptr };
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+class RendererPostProcess final
+	: public Renderer2D
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererPostProcess> {
+public:
+	using Singleton<RendererPostProcess>::s;
+	using Singleton<RendererPostProcess>::the;
+	using Singleton<RendererPostProcess>::destroy;
+
+	RendererPostProcess(s);
+	virtual ~RendererPostProcess();
+
+	void drawQuad(const TransformComponent& transform, std::shared_ptr<Texture> albedo, std::shared_ptr<Texture> position, std::shared_ptr<Texture> normal);
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
+};
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+class RendererLightCube final
+	: public RendererCubemap
+	, public ruc::Singleton<RendererLightCube> {
+public:
+	using Singleton<RendererLightCube>::s;
+	using Singleton<RendererLightCube>::the;
+	using Singleton<RendererLightCube>::destroy;
+
+	RendererLightCube(s);
+	virtual ~RendererLightCube();
+
+	void beginScene(glm::mat4, glm::mat4) override {}
+
+private:
+	virtual void loadShader() override;
 };
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/shader-storage-buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint8_t, uintt32_t
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp" // glm::mat2
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp" // glm::mat3
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float4.hpp"   // glm::vec4
+
+#include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/shader-storage-buffer.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+ShaderStorageBuffer::ShaderStorageBuffer(s)
+{
+	// Get maximum uniformbuffer bindings the GPU supports
+	int32_t maxBindingPoints = 0;
+	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER_BINDINGS, &maxBindingPoints);
+	m_maxBindingPoints = static_cast<uint8_t>(maxBindingPoints);
+}
+
+ShaderStorageBuffer::~ShaderStorageBuffer()
+{
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56512216#answer-56513136
+void ShaderStorageBuffer::setLayout(std::string_view blockName, uint8_t bindingPoint, uint32_t shaderID)
+{
+	VERIFY(bindingPoint < m_maxBindingPoints,
+	       "shader storage buffer exceeded binding points: {}/{}", bindingPoint, m_maxBindingPoints);
+
+	if (!exists(blockName)) {
+		m_blocks[blockName.data()] = {};
+	}
+
+	BufferBlock& block = m_blocks[blockName.data()];
+	block.bindingPoint = bindingPoint;
+	block.memberOffsets.clear();
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, block.id);
+
+	// Get the shader block index
+	uint32_t resourceIndex = glGetProgramResourceIndex(shaderID, GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCK, blockName.data());
+	VERIFY(resourceIndex != GL_INVALID_INDEX, "block doesnt exist in shader: {}::{}", blockName, shaderID);
+
+	// Get the amount of member variables
+	uint32_t prop = GL_NUM_ACTIVE_VARIABLES;
+	int32_t memberCount;
+	glGetProgramResourceiv(shaderID, GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCK, resourceIndex, 1, &prop, 1, nullptr, &memberCount);
+
+	// Get the indices of the members
+	prop = GL_ACTIVE_VARIABLES;
+	std::vector<int32_t> members(memberCount);
+	glGetProgramResourceiv(shaderID, GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCK, resourceIndex, 1, &prop, (int32_t)members.size(), nullptr, members.data());
+
+	// Reserve memory for the names of the members
+	int32_t memberNameSize;
+	glGetProgramInterfaceiv(shaderID, GL_BUFFER_VARIABLE, GL_MAX_NAME_LENGTH, &memberNameSize);
+	std::vector<char> memberNameBuffer(memberNameSize);
+
+	int32_t lastOffset = 0;
+	int32_t lastType = 0;
+	for (int32_t i = 0; i < memberCount; i++) {
+
+		// Get name of buffer variable
+		int32_t stringLength;
+		glGetProgramResourceName(shaderID, GL_BUFFER_VARIABLE, members[i], memberNameSize, &stringLength, memberNameBuffer.data());
+		std::string memberName = std::string(memberNameBuffer.begin(), memberNameBuffer.begin() + stringLength);
+
+		// Get the other data needed for computing
+
+		uint32_t props[7] = {
+			GL_OFFSET,                 // 0
+			GL_TYPE,                   // 1
+			GL_ARRAY_SIZE,             // 2
+			GL_ARRAY_STRIDE,           // 3
+			GL_MATRIX_STRIDE,          // 4
+			GL_TOP_LEVEL_ARRAY_SIZE,   // 5
+			GL_TOP_LEVEL_ARRAY_STRIDE, // 6
+		};
+		int32_t params[7];
+		glGetProgramResourceiv(shaderID, GL_BUFFER_VARIABLE, members[i], 7, props, 7, nullptr, params);
+
+		// ruc::error("{}", memberName);
+		// ruc::error("\n    Offset: {}, type: {:#x}, arraySize: {}, arrayStride: {},\n    matrixStride: {}, top level size: {}, top level stride: {}\n",
+		//            params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], params[4], params[5], params[6]);
+
+		// Array of structs
+		if (params[5] != 1 && params[6 != 0]) {
+			size_t bracketOpen = memberName.find_first_of('[');
+			size_t bracketClose = memberName.find_first_of(']');
+			std::string memberNameBegin = memberName.substr(0, bracketOpen);    // name: myArray[0].member -> myArray
+			std::string memberNameMember = memberName.substr(bracketClose + 1); // name: myArray[0].member -> .member
+			for (int32_t j = 0; j < params[5]; ++j) {
+				lastOffset = params[0] + (j * params[6]); // calc offset
+				lastType = params[1];
+
+				// Only add the member variant the first time its encountered
+				if (j == 0 && block.memberOffsets.find(memberNameBegin) == block.memberOffsets.end()) {
+					block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberNameBegin, lastOffset); // name: myArray
+				}
+
+				// Only add the index variant the first time its encountered
+				std::string memberNameIndex = memberNameBegin + "[" + std::to_string(j) + "]"; // name: myArray -> myArray[i]
+				if (block.memberOffsets.find(memberNameIndex) == block.memberOffsets.end()) {
+					block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberNameIndex, lastOffset);
+				}
+
+				block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberNameIndex + memberNameMember, // name: myArray -> myArray[i].member
+				                            lastOffset);
+			}
+		}
+		// Array of primitives
+		else if (params[2] != 1 && params[3] != 0) {
+			std::string memberNameBegin = memberName.substr(0, memberName.find_first_of('[')); // name: myArray[0] -> myArray
+			for (int32_t j = 0; j < params[2]; ++j) {
+				lastOffset = params[0] + (j * params[3]); // calc offset
+				lastType = params[1];
+
+				// Only add the member variant the first time its encountered
+				if (j == 0) {
+					block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberNameBegin, lastOffset); // name: myArray
+				}
+
+				block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberNameBegin + "[" + std::to_string(j) + "]", // name: myArray -> myArray[i]
+				                            lastOffset);
+			}
+		}
+		// Matrix case
+		else if (params[4] != 0) {
+			lastType = params[1];
+			lastOffset = params[0];
+			block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberName, params[0]);
+		}
+		else {
+			lastType = params[1];
+			lastOffset = params[0];
+			block.memberOffsets.emplace(memberName, params[0]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	block.size = lastOffset + BufferElement::getGLTypeSize(lastType);
+
+	glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0);
+
+	// Results
+	// for (auto [k, v] : block.memberOffsets) {
+	// 	ruc::error("{}:{}", k, v);
+	// }
+}
+
+void ShaderStorageBuffer::create(std::string_view blockName)
+{
+	VERIFY(exists(blockName), "shader storage buffer block doesnt exist");
+
+	BufferBlock& block = m_blocks[blockName.data()];
+
+	if (block.id != 0) {
+		glDeleteBuffers(1, &block.id);
+	}
+
+	// Allocate buffer
+	block.id = UINT_MAX;
+	glGenBuffers(1, &block.id);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, block.id);
+	glBufferData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, block.size, NULL, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0);
+
+	// Bind buffer to binding point
+	glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, block.bindingPoint, block.id);
+}
+
+void ShaderStorageBuffer::setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, bool value)
+{
+	setValue(blockName, member, static_cast<uint32_t>(value), sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+void ShaderStorageBuffer::setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat2 value)
+{
+	setValue(blockName, member, static_cast<glm::mat4>(value), sizeof(glm::vec4) * 2);
+}
+
+void ShaderStorageBuffer::setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat3 value)
+{
+	setValue(blockName, member, static_cast<glm::mat4>(value), sizeof(glm::vec4) * 3);
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/shader-storage-buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint32_t
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp" // glm::mat2
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp" // glm::mat3
+#include "ruc/singleton.h"
+
+#define CHECK_SET_CALL(blockName, member)                                                 \
+	VERIFY(exists(blockName), "shader storage buffer block doesnt exist: {}", blockName); \
+	const BufferBlock& block = m_blocks[blockName.data()];                                \
+	VERIFY(block.memberOffsets.find(member.data()) != block.memberOffsets.end(),          \
+	       "shader storage buffer member doesnt exist: {}", member);
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+struct BufferBlock {
+	uint32_t id { 0 };
+	uint32_t size { 0 };
+	uint8_t bindingPoint { 0 };
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> memberOffsets {};
+};
+
+class ShaderStorageBuffer final : public ruc::Singleton<ShaderStorageBuffer> { // Shader Storage Buffer Object, SSBO
+public:
+	ShaderStorageBuffer(s);
+	virtual ~ShaderStorageBuffer();
+
+	void setLayout(std::string_view blockName, uint8_t bindingPoint, uint32_t shaderID);
+	void create(std::string_view blockName);
+
+	bool exists(std::string_view blockName) const { return m_blocks.find(blockName.data()) != m_blocks.end(); }
+
+	template<typename T> // Capture value by reference, instead of decaying to pointer
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, T&& value, size_t size = 0)
+	{
+		CHECK_SET_CALL(blockName, member);
+
+		glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, block.id);
+		glBufferSubData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, block.memberOffsets.at(member.data()), (size) ? size : sizeof(T), &value);
+		glBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0);
+	}
+	// Exceptions:
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, bool value);
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat2 value);
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat3 value);
+
+private:
+	uint8_t m_maxBindingPoints { 0 };
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, BufferBlock> m_blocks;
+};
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/shader-structs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "glm/ext/vector_float3.hpp" // glm::vec3
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+// Shader storage block layouts, using std430 memory layout rules
+
+#define MAX_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHTS 4
+struct alignas(16) DirectionalLightBlock {
+	alignas(16) glm::vec3 direction { 0 };
+
+	alignas(16) glm::vec3 ambient { 0 };
+	alignas(16) glm::vec3 diffuse { 0 };
+	alignas(16) glm::vec3 specular { 0 };
+};
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/shader.cpp

@@ -1,278 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#include <utility> // std::move
-#include <vector>  // std::vector
-
-#include "glad/glad.h"
-#include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp" // glm::value_ptr
-#include "ruc/file.h"
-#include "ruc/format/log.h"
-#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
-
-#include "inferno/core.h"
-#include "inferno/render/shader.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-Shader::Shader(const std::string& name)
-	: m_name(std::move(name))
-	, m_id(0)
-{
-	// Get file contents
-	std::string vertexSrc = ruc::File(name + ".vert").data();
-	std::string fragmentSrc = ruc::File(name + ".frag").data();
-
-	// Compile shaders
-	uint32_t vertexID = compileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSrc.c_str());
-	uint32_t fragmentID = compileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSrc.c_str());
-
-	// Link shaders
-	if (vertexID > 0 && fragmentID > 0) {
-		m_id = linkShader(vertexID, fragmentID);
-	}
-	// Clear resources
-	else if (vertexID > 0)
-		glDeleteShader(vertexID);
-	else if (fragmentID > 0)
-		glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
-}
-
-Shader::~Shader()
-{
-	if (m_id > 0) {
-		glDeleteProgram(m_id);
-		m_id = 0;
-	}
-}
-
-int32_t Shader::findUniform(const std::string& name) const
-{
-	int32_t location = glGetUniformLocation(m_id, name.c_str());
-	VERIFY(location != -1, "Shader could not find uniform '{}'", name);
-	return location;
-}
-
-void Shader::setInt(const std::string& name, int value)
-{
-	// Set uniform int
-	glUniform1i(findUniform(name), value);
-}
-
-void Shader::setInt(const std::string& name, int* values, uint32_t count)
-{
-	// Set uniform int array
-	glUniform1iv(findUniform(name), count, values);
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, float value) const
-{
-	// Set uniform float
-	glUniform1f(findUniform(name), value);
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, float v1, float v2, float v3, float v4) const
-{
-	// Set uniform vec4 data
-	glUniform4f(findUniform(name), v1, v2, v3, v4);
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::vec2 value) const
-{
-	// Set uniform vec2 data
-	glUniform2f(findUniform(name), value.x, value.y);
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::vec3 value) const
-{
-	// Set uniform vec3 data
-	glUniform3f(findUniform(name), value.x, value.y, value.z);
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::vec4 value) const
-{
-	// Set uniform vec4 data
-	glUniform4f(findUniform(name), value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w);
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::mat3 matrix) const
-{
-	// Set uniform mat3 data
-	glUniformMatrix3fv(findUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(matrix));
-}
-
-void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::mat4 matrix) const
-{
-	// Set uniform mat4 data
-	glUniformMatrix4fv(findUniform(name), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(matrix));
-}
-
-void Shader::bind() const
-{
-	glUseProgram(m_id);
-}
-
-void Shader::unbind() const
-{
-	glUseProgram(0);
-}
-
-uint32_t Shader::compileShader(int32_t type, const char* source) const
-{
-	// Create new shader
-	uint32_t shader = 0;
-	shader = glCreateShader(type);
-	// Attach shader source to shader object
-	glShaderSource(shader, 1, &source, nullptr);
-	// Compile shader
-	glCompileShader(shader);
-
-	// Check compilation status
-	if (checkStatus(shader) == GL_TRUE) {
-		return shader;
-	}
-
-	// On fail
-	glDeleteShader(shader);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-uint32_t Shader::linkShader(uint32_t vertex, uint32_t fragment) const
-{
-	// Create new shader program
-	uint32_t shaderProgram = 0;
-	shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
-	// Attach both shaders to the shader program
-	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertex);
-	glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragment);
-	// Setup vertex attributes
-	glBindAttribLocation(shaderProgram, 0, "a_position");
-	// Link the shaders
-	glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
-	// Clear resources
-	glDeleteShader(vertex);
-	glDeleteShader(fragment);
-
-	// Check linking status
-	if (checkStatus(shaderProgram, true) == GL_TRUE) {
-		return shaderProgram;
-	}
-
-	// On fail
-	glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int32_t Shader::checkStatus(uint32_t check, bool isProgram) const
-{
-	int32_t success;
-	int32_t maxLength = 0;
-	std::vector<char> infoLog;
-
-	// Get the compilation/linking status
-	!isProgram
-		? glGetShaderiv(check, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success)
-		: glGetProgramiv(check, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
-
-	if (success != GL_TRUE) {
-		// Get max length of the log including \0 terminator
-		!isProgram
-			? glGetShaderiv(check, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength)
-			: glGetProgramiv(check, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
-
-		// Reserve data for the log
-		infoLog.reserve(maxLength);
-
-		// Retrieve the error message
-		!isProgram
-			? glGetShaderInfoLog(check, maxLength, nullptr, &infoLog[0])
-			: glGetProgramInfoLog(check, maxLength, nullptr, &infoLog[0]);
-
-		ruc::warn("Shader {}", infoLog.data());
-	}
-
-	VERIFY(success == GL_TRUE, "Shader program creation failed!");
-
-	return success;
-}
-
-// -----------------------------------------
-
-ShaderManager::ShaderManager(s)
-{
-	ruc::info("ShaderManager initialized");
-}
-
-ShaderManager::~ShaderManager()
-{
-}
-
-void ShaderManager::add(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<Shader> shader)
-{
-	// Construct (key, value) pair and insert it into the unordered_map
-	m_shaderList.emplace(std::move(name), std::move(shader));
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Shader> ShaderManager::load(const std::string& name)
-{
-	if (exists(name)) {
-		return get(name);
-	}
-
-	std::shared_ptr<Shader> shader = std::make_shared<Shader>(name);
-	add(name, shader);
-	return get(name);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Shader> ShaderManager::load(const std::string& vertexSource,
-                                            const std::string& fragmentSource)
-{
-	std::string name = computeName(vertexSource, fragmentSource);
-	return load(name);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Shader> ShaderManager::get(const std::string& name)
-{
-	return exists(name) ? m_shaderList.at(name) : nullptr;
-}
-
-bool ShaderManager::exists(const std::string& name)
-{
-	return m_shaderList.find(name) != m_shaderList.end();
-}
-
-void ShaderManager::remove(const std::string& name)
-{
-	if (exists(name)) {
-		m_shaderList.erase(name);
-	}
-}
-
-void ShaderManager::remove(std::shared_ptr<Shader> shader)
-{
-	if (exists(shader->name())) {
-		m_shaderList.erase(shader->name());
-	}
-}
-
-std::string ShaderManager::computeName(const std::string& vertexSource,
-                                       const std::string& fragmentSource)
-{
-	auto vertexPos = vertexSource.find_last_of('.');
-	auto fragmentPos = fragmentSource.find_last_of('.');
-
-	VERIFY(vertexPos != std::string::npos, "Shader did not have file extension: '{}'", vertexSource);
-	VERIFY(fragmentPos != std::string::npos, "Shader did not have file extension: '{}'", fragmentSource);
-
-	auto vertexName = vertexSource.substr(0, vertexPos);
-	auto fragmentName = vertexSource.substr(0, fragmentPos);
-
-	VERIFY(vertexName == fragmentName, "Shader names did not match: {} {}", vertexSource, fragmentSource);
-
-	return vertexName;
-}
-
-} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/shader.h

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>       // int32_t, uint32_t
-#include <memory>        // std::shared_ptr
-#include <string>        // std::string
-#include <unordered_map> // std::unordered_map
-
-#include "glm/glm.hpp"
-#include "ruc/singleton.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-class Shader {
-public:
-	Shader(const std::string& name);
-	virtual ~Shader();
-
-	int32_t findUniform(const std::string& name) const;
-
-	void setInt(const std::string& name, int value);
-	void setInt(const std::string& name, int* values, uint32_t count);
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, float value) const;
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, float v1, float v2, float v3, float v4) const;
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::vec2 value) const;
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::vec3 value) const;
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::vec4 value) const;
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::mat3 matrix) const;
-	void setFloat(const std::string& name, glm::mat4 matrix) const;
-
-	void bind() const;
-	void unbind() const;
-
-	inline std::string name() const { return m_name; }
-	inline uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
-
-protected:
-	uint32_t compileShader(int32_t type, const char* shaderSource) const;
-	uint32_t linkShader(uint32_t vertex, uint32_t fragment) const;
-	int32_t checkStatus(uint32_t check, bool isProgram = false) const;
-
-private:
-	std::string m_name;
-	uint32_t m_id;
-};
-
-// -------------------------------------
-
-class ShaderManager final : public ruc::Singleton<ShaderManager> {
-public:
-	ShaderManager(s);
-	virtual ~ShaderManager();
-
-	void add(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<Shader> shader);
-	std::shared_ptr<Shader> load(const std::string& name);
-	std::shared_ptr<Shader> load(const std::string& vertexSource,
-	                             const std::string& fragmentSource);
-	std::shared_ptr<Shader> get(const std::string& name);
-	bool exists(const std::string& name);
-
-	void remove(const std::string& name);
-	void remove(std::shared_ptr<Shader> shader);
-
-protected:
-	std::string computeName(const std::string& vertexSource,
-	                        const std::string& fragmentSource);
-
-private:
-	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Shader>> m_shaderList;
-};
-
-} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/texture.cpp

@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#include <climits> // UINT_MAX
-#include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
-#include <utility> // std::move
-
-#include "glad/glad.h"
-#include "ruc/format/log.h"
-#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
-#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "stb/stb_image.h"
-
-#include "inferno/render/texture.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-Texture::Texture(const std::string& path)
-	: m_path(std::move(path))
-{
-	int width;
-	int height;
-	int channels;
-
-	// Load image data
-	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(1);
-	unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path.c_str(), &width, &height, &channels, STBI_default);
-
-	VERIFY(data, "Failed to load image: '{}'", path);
-
-	m_width = width;
-	m_height = height;
-
-	if (channels == 4) {
-		m_internalFormat = GL_RGBA8;
-		m_dataFormat = GL_RGBA;
-	}
-	else if (channels == 3) {
-		m_internalFormat = GL_RGB8;
-		m_dataFormat = GL_RGB;
-	}
-
-	create(data);
-
-	// Clean resources
-	stbi_image_free(data);
-}
-
-Texture::~Texture()
-{
-	glDeleteTextures(1, &m_id);
-}
-
-void Texture::bind(uint32_t unit) const
-{
-	// Set active unit
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + unit);
-
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_id);
-
-	// Reset unit
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-}
-
-void Texture::unbind() const
-{
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-}
-
-void Texture::create(unsigned char* data)
-{
-	m_id = UINT_MAX;
-
-	// Create texture object
-	glGenTextures(1, &m_id);
-
-	// Bind texture object
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, m_id);
-
-	// Set unpacking of pixel data to byte-alignment,
-	// this prevents alignment issues when using a single byte for color
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-
-	// Generate texture
-	glTexImage2D(
-		GL_TEXTURE_2D,     // Texture target
-		0,                 // Midmap level, base starts at level 0
-		m_internalFormat,  // Texture format
-		m_width, m_height, // Image width/height
-		0,                 // Always 0 (legacy)
-		m_dataFormat,      // Texture source format
-		GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,  // Texture source datatype
-		data);             // Image data
-
-	// Set the texture wrapping / filtering options
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);      // X
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);      // Y
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Minify
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); // Magnify
-
-	// Automatically generate all mipmap levels
-	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-
-	// Unbind texture object
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-}
-
-// -----------------------------------------
-
-TextureManager::TextureManager(s)
-{
-	ruc::info("TextureManager initialized");
-}
-
-TextureManager::~TextureManager()
-{
-}
-
-void TextureManager::add(const std::string& path, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
-{
-	// Construct (key, value) pair and insert it into the unordered_map
-	m_textureList.emplace(std::move(path), std::move(texture));
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Texture> TextureManager::load(const std::string& path)
-{
-	if (exists(path)) {
-		return get(path);
-	}
-
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture = std::make_shared<Texture>(path);
-	add(path, texture);
-	return get(path);
-}
-
-std::shared_ptr<Texture> TextureManager::get(const std::string& path)
-{
-	return exists(path) ? m_textureList.at(path) : nullptr;
-}
-
-bool TextureManager::exists(const std::string& path)
-{
-	return m_textureList.find(path) != m_textureList.end();
-}
-
-void TextureManager::remove(const std::string& path)
-{
-	if (exists(path)) {
-		m_textureList.erase(path);
-	}
-}
-
-void TextureManager::remove(std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
-{
-	if (exists(texture->path())) {
-		m_textureList.erase(texture->path());
-	}
-}
-
-} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/texture.h

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>       // uint32_t
-#include <memory>        // std::shared_ptr
-#include <string>        // std::string
-#include <unordered_map> // std::unordered_map
-
-#include "ruc/singleton.h"
-
-namespace Inferno {
-
-class Texture {
-public:
-	Texture(const std::string& path);
-	virtual ~Texture();
-
-	void bind(uint32_t unit = 0) const;
-	void unbind() const;
-
-	inline std::string path() const { return m_path; }
-	inline uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
-	inline uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }
-	inline uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }
-	inline uint32_t internalFormat() const { return m_internalFormat; }
-	inline uint32_t dataFormat() const { return m_dataFormat; }
-
-protected:
-	void create(unsigned char* data);
-
-private:
-	std::string m_path;
-	uint32_t m_width;
-	uint32_t m_height;
-	uint32_t m_id;
-	uint32_t m_internalFormat;
-	uint32_t m_dataFormat;
-};
-
-// -------------------------------------
-
-class TextureManager final : public ruc::Singleton<TextureManager> {
-public:
-	TextureManager(s);
-	virtual ~TextureManager();
-
-	void add(const std::string& path, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> load(const std::string& path);
-	std::shared_ptr<Texture> get(const std::string& path);
-	bool exists(const std::string& path);
-
-	void remove(const std::string& path);
-	void remove(std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
-
-private:
-	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Texture>> m_textureList;
-};
-
-} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/uniformbuffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // int32_t, uint32_t, uint8_t
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp" // glm::mat2
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp" // glm::mat3
+#include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp"        // glm::value_ptr
+#include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
+
+#include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h"
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+Uniformbuffer::Uniformbuffer(s)
+{
+	// Get maximum uniformbuffer bindings the GPU supports
+	int32_t maxBindingPoints = 0;
+	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS, &maxBindingPoints);
+	m_maxBindingPoints = static_cast<uint8_t>(maxBindingPoints);
+}
+
+Uniformbuffer::~Uniformbuffer()
+{
+	for (const auto& [_, block] : m_blocks) {
+		glDeleteBuffers(1, &block.id);
+	}
+	m_blocks.clear();
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
+void Uniformbuffer::setLayout(std::string_view blockName, const UniformbufferBlock& block)
+{
+	VERIFY(block.size && block.bindingPoint && block.uniformLocations.size(),
+	       "invalid uniformbuffer block definition: {}", blockName);
+
+	VERIFY(block.bindingPoint < m_maxBindingPoints,
+	       "uniformbuffer exceeded binding points: {}/{}", block.bindingPoint, m_maxBindingPoints);
+
+	m_blocks[blockName] = block;
+}
+
+void Uniformbuffer::setLayout(std::string_view blockName, uint8_t bindingPoint, const BufferLayout& layout)
+{
+	VERIFY(bindingPoint < m_maxBindingPoints,
+	       "uniformbuffer exceeded binding points: {}/{}", bindingPoint, m_maxBindingPoints);
+
+	if (!exists(blockName)) {
+		m_blocks[blockName] = {};
+	}
+
+	UniformbufferBlock& block = m_blocks[blockName];
+	block.bindingPoint = bindingPoint;
+	block.uniformLocations.clear();
+
+	// Example block layout:
+	// - mat3
+	// - float
+	// - vec2
+	// - vec2
+	// - float
+
+	// Chunks, 4 slots, 4 bytes per slot
+	// [x][x][x][ ] #1
+	// [x][x][x][ ] #2
+	// [x][x][x][ ] #3
+	// [x][ ][x][x] #4
+	// [x][x][x][ ] #5
+
+	size_t chunk = 0;
+	uint8_t offset = 0;
+
+	for (auto it = layout.begin(); it != layout.end(); ++it) {
+		BufferElementType type = it->type();
+		const std::string& name = it->name();
+
+		// Calculate offset
+		switch (type) {
+			// Scalar 1
+		case BufferElementType::Bool:
+		case BufferElementType::Int:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint:
+		case BufferElementType::Float: {
+			// Offset
+			block.uniformLocations[name] = (chunk * 16) + (offset * 4);
+			// Jump
+			offset += 1;
+			break;
+		}
+			// Scalar 2
+		case BufferElementType::Bool2:
+		case BufferElementType::Int2:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint2:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec2: {
+			// Add padding
+			if (offset == 1) {
+				offset++;
+			}
+			if (offset == 3) {
+				offset = 0;
+				chunk++;
+			}
+			// Offset
+			block.uniformLocations[name] = (chunk * 16) + (offset * 4);
+			// Jump
+			offset += 2;
+			break;
+		}
+			// Scalar 3
+		case BufferElementType::Bool3:
+		case BufferElementType::Int3:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint3:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec3: {
+			// Add padding
+			if (offset != 0) {
+				offset = 0;
+				chunk++;
+			}
+			// Offset
+			block.uniformLocations[name] = (chunk * 16) + (offset * 4);
+			// Jump
+			offset += 3;
+			break;
+		}
+			// Scalar 4
+		case BufferElementType::Bool4:
+		case BufferElementType::Int4:
+		case BufferElementType::Uint4:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec4: {
+			// Add padding
+			if (offset != 0) {
+				offset = 0;
+				chunk++;
+			}
+			// Offset
+			block.uniformLocations[name] = (chunk * 16) + (offset * 4);
+			// Jump
+			offset += 4;
+			break;
+		}
+			// Array types
+		case BufferElementType::Mat2:
+		case BufferElementType::Mat3:
+		case BufferElementType::Mat4: {
+			// Add padding
+			if (offset != 0) {
+				offset = 0;
+				chunk++;
+			}
+			// Offset
+			block.uniformLocations[name] = (chunk * 16) + (offset * 4);
+
+			// Additional rows
+			if (type == BufferElementType::Mat2) {
+				chunk += 1;
+			}
+			else if (type == BufferElementType::Mat3) {
+				chunk += 2;
+			}
+			else {
+				chunk += 3;
+			}
+
+			// Jump
+			offset += 4;
+			break;
+		}
+			// TODO: Implement these types
+		case BufferElementType::Double:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec2Double:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec3Double:
+		case BufferElementType::Vec4Double:
+		case BufferElementType::MatDouble2:
+		case BufferElementType::MatDouble3:
+		case BufferElementType::MatDouble4:
+			VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+		case BufferElementType::None:
+			VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+		};
+
+		// Overflow slots to next chunk
+		if (offset > 3) {
+			offset = 0;
+			chunk++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Pad the end of the buffer
+	if (offset != 0) {
+		offset = 0;
+		chunk++;
+	}
+
+	block.size = chunk * 16;
+}
+
+void Uniformbuffer::create(std::string_view blockName)
+{
+	VERIFY(exists(blockName), "uniformbuffer block doesnt exist");
+
+	UniformbufferBlock& block = m_blocks[blockName];
+
+	if (block.id != 0) {
+		glDeleteBuffers(1, &block.id);
+	}
+
+	// Allocate buffer
+	block.id = UINT_MAX;
+	glGenBuffers(1, &block.id);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, block.id);
+	glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, block.size, NULL, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+	glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
+
+	// Bind buffer to binding point
+	glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, block.bindingPoint, block.id);
+}
+
+void Uniformbuffer::setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, bool value)
+{
+	setValue(blockName, member, static_cast<uint32_t>(value), sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+void Uniformbuffer::setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat2 value)
+{
+	setValue(blockName, member, static_cast<glm::mat4>(value), sizeof(glm::vec4) * 2);
+}
+
+void Uniformbuffer::setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat3 value)
+{
+	setValue(blockName, member, static_cast<glm::mat4>(value), sizeof(glm::vec4) * 3);
+}
+
+} // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Riyyi
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint32_t
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "glad/glad.h"
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float2x2.hpp" // glm::mat2
+#include "glm/ext/matrix_float3x3.hpp" // glm::mat3
+#include "ruc/singleton.h"
+
+#include "inferno/render/buffer.h"
+
+#define CHECK_UNIFORM_SET_CALL(blockName, member)                                      \
+	VERIFY(exists(blockName), "uniformbuffer block doesnt exist: {}", blockName);      \
+	const UniformbufferBlock& block = m_blocks[blockName];                             \
+	VERIFY(block.uniformLocations.find(member.data()) != block.uniformLocations.end(), \
+	       "uniformbuffer member doesnt exist: {}", member);
+
+namespace Inferno {
+
+struct UniformbufferBlock {
+	uint32_t id { 0 };
+	uint32_t size { 0 };
+	uint8_t bindingPoint { 0 };
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> uniformLocations {};
+};
+
+class Uniformbuffer final : public ruc::Singleton<Uniformbuffer> { // Uniform Buffer Object, UBO
+public:
+	Uniformbuffer(s);
+	~Uniformbuffer();
+
+	void setLayout(std::string_view blockName, const UniformbufferBlock& block);
+	void setLayout(std::string_view blockName, uint8_t bindingPoint, const BufferLayout& layout);
+	void create(std::string_view blockName);
+
+	template<typename T> // Capture value by reference, instead of decaying to pointer
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, T&& value, size_t size = 0)
+	{
+		CHECK_UNIFORM_SET_CALL(blockName, member);
+
+		glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, block.id);
+		glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, block.uniformLocations.at(member.data()), (size) ? size : sizeof(T), &value);
+		glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
+	}
+	// Exceptions:
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, bool value);
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat2 value);
+	void setValue(std::string_view blockName, std::string_view member, glm::mat3 value);
+
+	bool exists(std::string_view blockName) const { return m_blocks.find(blockName) != m_blocks.end(); }
+
+private:
+	uint8_t m_maxBindingPoints { 0 };
+	std::unordered_map<std::string_view, UniformbufferBlock> m_blocks;
+};
+
+} // namespace Inferno
+
+#if 0
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+// Example usage:
+
+Uniformbuffer::the().setLayout(
+	"ExampleBlock", 0,
+	{
+		{ BufferElementType::Mat3,  "a" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Float, "b" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec2,  "c" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Vec2,  "d" },
+		{ BufferElementType::Float, "e" },
+	});
+Uniformbuffer::the().create("ExampleBlock");
+
+#endif
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+// Memory alignment of uniform blocks using std140
+//
+// Main points:
+// - Memory is organized into chunks.
+// - A block is at least the size of 1 chunk.
+// - One chunk has 4 slots, 4 bytes per slot.
+// - Can't fit? Move to next chunk.
+//
+// The rules:
+// 1. Scalar (bool, int, uint, float) takes up 1 slot, can appear after anything
+// 2. Vec2 takes up 2 slots, in first or last half of a chunk
+// 3. Vec3 takes up 3 slots, only at the start of a chunk
+// 4. Everything else:
+//      - Take up maxumum room
+//      - As often as needed
+//      - Add padding as needed
+// 5. Mat3 (or any matrix) are treated like arrays
+// 6. Each member of *any* array gets its own chunk
+
+// TODO: How do double types work?
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+// References:
+// - https://learnopengl.com/Advanced-OpenGL/Advanced-GLSL
+// - https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Interface_Block_(GLSL)#Memory_layout
+// - https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/opengl-programming-guide/9780132748445/app09lev1sec2.html (The std140 Layout Rules)
+// - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPvbRko9lBg (WebGL 2: Uniform Buffer Objects)

src/inferno/scene/scene.cpp

@@ -1,29 +1,40 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022-2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <cstdint> // uint32_t
+#include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
+#include <utility> // std::pair
+
+#include "entt/entity/fwd.hpp" // ent::entity
 #include "ruc/file.h"
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
 #include "ruc/json/json.h"
 #include "ruc/meta/assert.h"
 
 #include "inferno/component/cameracomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/component/cubemap-component.h"
+#include "inferno/component/id-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/luascriptcomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/component/model-component.h"
 #include "inferno/component/nativescriptcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/spritecomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/tagcomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/textareacomponent.h"
 #include "inferno/component/transformcomponent.h"
+#include "inferno/render/renderer.h"
+#include "inferno/render/uniformbuffer.h"
 #include "inferno/scene/scene.h"
-#include "inferno/script/cameracontroller.h"
 #include "inferno/script/nativescript.h"
 #include "inferno/system/camerasystem.h"
 #include "inferno/system/rendersystem.h"
 #include "inferno/system/scriptsystem.h"
 #include "inferno/system/textareasystem.h"
 #include "inferno/system/transformsystem.h"
+#include "inferno/uid.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
 
@@ -45,51 +56,19 @@ void Scene::initialize()
 
 	auto sceneJson = ruc::Json::parse(ruc::File("assets/scene/scene1.json").data());
 
-	// Camera
-
-	VERIFY(sceneJson.exists("camera"), "scene doesnt contain a camera");
-	auto& cameraJson = sceneJson.at("camera");
-	uint32_t camera = loadEntity(cameraJson);
-
-	auto cameraType = CameraType::Perspective;
-	if (cameraJson.exists("type") && cameraJson.at("type").get<std::string>() == "orthographic") {
-		cameraType = CameraType::Orthographic;
-	}
-	addComponent<CameraComponent>(camera, cameraType);
-
-	if (cameraJson.exists("script")) {
-		auto& cameraScript = cameraJson.at("script");
-		if (cameraScript.exists("type") && cameraScript.exists("name")) {
-			if (cameraScript.at("type").get<std::string>() == "lua") {
-				addComponent<LuaScriptComponent>(camera, cameraScript.at("name").get<std::string>());
-			}
-			else {
-				addComponent<NativeScriptComponent>(camera).bind<CameraController>();
-			}
-		}
+	if (sceneJson.exists("init")) {
+		// TODO: load either NativeScript or LuaScript?
 	}
 
-	// Quads
+	// Entities
+	// -------------------------------------
 
-	if (sceneJson.exists("quad") && sceneJson.at("quad").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array) {
-		auto& quads = sceneJson.at("quad").asArray().elements();
-		for (const auto& quad : quads) {
-			uint32_t quadEntity = loadEntity(quad);
-			addComponent<SpriteComponent>(quadEntity);
-			auto& spriteComponent = getComponent<SpriteComponent>(quadEntity);
-			quad.getTo(spriteComponent);
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Text
-
-	if (sceneJson.exists("text") && sceneJson.at("text").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array) {
-		auto& texts = sceneJson.at("text").asArray().elements();
-		for (const auto& text : texts) {
-			uint32_t textEntity = loadEntity(text);
-			addComponent<TextAreaComponent>(textEntity);
-			auto& textAreaComponent = getComponent<TextAreaComponent>(textEntity);
-			text.getTo(textAreaComponent);
+	if (sceneJson.exists("entities")) {
+		const auto& entityJson = sceneJson.at("entities");
+		VERIFY(entityJson.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+		const auto& entities = entityJson.asArray();
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < entities.size(); ++i) {
+			loadEntity(entities.at(i));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -107,7 +86,6 @@ void Scene::update(float deltaTime)
 void Scene::render()
 {
 	RenderSystem::the().render();
-	TextAreaSystem::the().render();
 }
 
 void Scene::destroy()
@@ -118,40 +96,122 @@ void Scene::destroy()
 	TransformSystem::destroy();
 }
 
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 uint32_t Scene::createEntity(const std::string& name)
+{
+	return createEntityWithUID(UID(), name);
+}
+
+uint32_t Scene::createEntityWithUID(UID id, const std::string& name)
 {
 	uint32_t entity = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_registry->create());
+	addComponent<IDComponent>(entity, id);
 	addComponent<TagComponent>(entity, name.empty() ? "Unnamed Entity" : name);
 	addComponent<TransformComponent>(entity);
 
+	TransformSystem::the().add(entity);
+
 	return entity;
 }
 
+uint32_t Scene::loadEntity(ruc::Json components, uint32_t parentEntity)
+{
+	VERIFY(components.type() == ruc::Json::Type::Object);
+
+	uint32_t entity = createEntity();
+
+	// At minimum, ID is required
+	VERIFY(components.exists("id"), "id not found");
+	auto& id = getComponent<IDComponent>(entity);
+	components.at("id").getTo(id);
+
+	if (components.exists("tag")) {
+		auto& tag = getComponent<TagComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("tag").getTo(tag);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("transform")) {
+		auto& transform = getComponent<TransformComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("transform").getTo(transform);
+		transform.parent = static_cast<entt::entity>(parentEntity);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("camera")) {
+		auto& camera = addComponent<CameraComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("camera").getTo(camera);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("lua-scripts")) {
+		VERIFY(components.at("lua-scripts").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+		const auto& scripts = components.at("lua-scripts").asArray();
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < scripts.size(); ++i) {
+			auto& script = addComponent<LuaScriptComponent>(entity);
+			scripts.at(i).getTo(script);
+		}
+	}
+	if (components.exists("native-scripts")) {
+		VERIFY(components.at("native-scripts").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+		const auto& scripts = components.at("native-scripts").asArray();
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < scripts.size(); ++i) {
+			auto& script = addComponent<NativeScriptComponent>(entity);
+			scripts.at(i).getTo(script);
+			script.bind();
+		}
+	}
+	if (components.exists("sprite")) {
+		auto& sprite = addComponent<SpriteComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("sprite").getTo(sprite);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("cubemap")) {
+		auto& cubemap = addComponent<CubemapComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("cubemap").getTo(cubemap);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("text")) {
+		auto& text = addComponent<TextAreaComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("text").getTo(text);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("model")) {
+		auto& text = addComponent<ModelComponent>(entity);
+		components.at("model").getTo(text);
+	}
+	if (components.exists("children")) {
+		VERIFY(components.at("children").type() == ruc::Json::Type::Array);
+		const auto& children = components.at("children").asArray();
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < children.size(); ++i) {
+			loadEntity(components.at("children")[i], entity);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return entity;
+}
+
+uint32_t Scene::findEntity(std::string_view name)
+{
+	auto view = m_registry->view<TagComponent>();
+
+	for (auto [entity, tag] : view.each()) {
+		if (tag.tag == name) {
+			return static_cast<uint32_t>(entity);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
+}
+
 void Scene::destroyEntity(uint32_t entity)
 {
 	ScriptSystem::the().cleanup(entity);
 	m_registry->destroy(entt::entity { entity });
 }
 
-uint32_t Scene::loadEntity(ruc::Json json)
-{
-	uint32_t entity = createEntity((json.exists("name"))
-	                                   ? json.at("name").get<std::string>()
-	                                   : "");
-	auto& transform = getComponent<TransformComponent>(entity);
-	json.getTo(transform);
+// -----------------------------------------
 
-	return entity;
-}
-
-glm::mat4 Scene::cameraProjectionView()
+std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> Scene::cameraProjectionView()
 {
 	return CameraSystem::the().projectionView();
 }
 
 void Scene::validEntity(uint32_t entity) const
 {
-	VERIFY(m_registry->valid(entt::entity { entity }), "Entity is not valid");
+	VERIFY(m_registry->valid(entt::entity { entity }), "invalid entity '{}'", entity);
 }
 
 } // namespace Inferno

src/inferno/scene/scene.h

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <cstdint> // uint32_t
 #include <memory>  // std::shared_ptr
+#include <utility> // std::pair
 
 #include "entt/entity/registry.hpp"    // entt::entity, entt::registry
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_float4x4.hpp" // glm::mat4
 #include "ruc/format/format.h"
 #include "ruc/json/json.h"
 
+#include "inferno/uid.h"
+
 namespace Inferno {
 
 class Camera;
@@ -27,11 +31,15 @@ public:
 	void destroy();
 
 	uint32_t createEntity(const std::string& name = "");
+	uint32_t createEntityWithUID(UID id, const std::string& name = "");
+	uint32_t loadEntity(ruc::Json components, uint32_t parentEntity = entt::null);
+	uint32_t findEntity(std::string_view name);
 	void destroyEntity(uint32_t entity);
 
-	uint32_t loadEntity(ruc::Json json);
-
-	glm::mat4 cameraProjectionView();
+	/**
+	 * @brief Return a pair from the camera component: { projection, view }
+	 */
+	std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> cameraProjectionView();
 
 	void validEntity(uint32_t entity) const;
 
@@ -49,7 +57,8 @@ public:
 		return m_registry->any<T...>(entt::entity { entity });
 	}
 
-	// @Todo Should replace be allowed? could trigger memory leaks with nativescript
+	// TODO: Should replace be allowed? could trigger memory leaks with nativescript
+	// TODO: Replace will make it so an entity cant have multiple scripts
 	template<typename T, typename... P>
 	T& addComponent(uint32_t entity, P&&... parameters) const
 	{
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@ public:
 		return m_registry->remove_if_exists<T>(entt::entity { entity });
 	}
 
-	// @Todo Should replace be allowed? could trigger memory leaks with nativescript
+	// TODO: Should replace be allowed? could trigger memory leaks with nativescript
 	template<typename T, typename... P>
 	T& getComponent(uint32_t entity, P&&... parameters) const
 	{

src/inferno/script/nativescript.h

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "ruc/meta/core.h"
+#include "ruc/singleton.h"
+
 #include "inferno/scene/scene.h"
 
 namespace Inferno {
@@ -14,6 +17,9 @@ struct TransformComponent;
 
 class NativeScript {
 public:
+	typedef NativeScript* (*InitializeFunction)();
+	typedef void (*DestroyFunction)(NativeScript*);
+
 	virtual ~NativeScript() {}
 
 protected:
@@ -36,4 +42,48 @@ private:
 	friend class ScriptSystem;
 };
 
+class NativeScriptBinding final : public ruc::Singleton<NativeScriptBinding> {
+public:
+	NativeScriptBinding(s) {}
+	virtual ~NativeScriptBinding() {}
+
+	void registerBinding(const std::string& binding,
+	                     NativeScript::InitializeFunction initialize,
+	                     NativeScript::DestroyFunction destroy)
+	{
+		m_initializeBindings.emplace(binding, initialize);
+		m_detroyBindings.emplace(binding, destroy);
+	}
+
+	NativeScript::InitializeFunction initializeBinding(const std::string& name) { return m_initializeBindings[name]; }
+	NativeScript::DestroyFunction destroyBinding(const std::string& name) { return m_detroyBindings[name]; }
+
+private:
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, NativeScript::InitializeFunction> m_initializeBindings;
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, NativeScript::DestroyFunction> m_detroyBindings;
+};
+
 } // namespace Inferno
+
+// TODO: Move this to ruc
+#define CONCAT(a, b) CONCAT_IMPL(a, b)
+#define CONCAT_IMPL(a, b) a##b
+
+#define BIND_NATIVE_IMPL(name, struct_name)                                                                 \
+	struct struct_name {                                                                                    \
+		struct_name()                                                                                       \
+		{                                                                                                   \
+			Inferno::NativeScriptBinding::the().registerBinding(                                            \
+				#name,                                                                                      \
+				[]() -> Inferno::NativeScript* { return static_cast<Inferno::NativeScript*>(new name()); }, \
+				[](Inferno::NativeScript* nativeScript) -> void {                                           \
+					VERIFY(nativeScript, "Attempting to destroy an uninitialized NativeScript");            \
+					delete static_cast<name*>(nativeScript);                                                \
+					nativeScript = nullptr;                                                                 \
+				});                                                                                         \
+		}                                                                                                   \
+	};                                                                                                      \
+	static struct struct_name struct_name; // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-unused-function)
+
+#define BIND_NATIVE(name) \
+	BIND_NATIVE_IMPL(name, CONCAT(__BIND_NATIVE_FUNCTION_, __COUNTER__))

src/inferno/system/camerasystem.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 Riyyi
+ * Copyright (C) 2022,2024 Riyyi
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
  */
 
+#include <utility> // std::pair
+
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_clip_space.hpp" // glm::perspective, glm::ortho
 #include "glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp"  // glm::radians, glm::lookAt
 #include "ruc/format/log.h"
@@ -42,19 +44,32 @@ void CameraSystem::update()
 	}
 }
 
-glm::mat4 CameraSystem::projectionView()
+std::pair<glm::mat4, glm::mat4> CameraSystem::projectionView()
 {
 	auto view = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CameraComponent>();
 
 	for (auto [entity, transform, camera] : view.each()) {
-		return camera.projection * transform.transform;
+		return { camera.projection, transform.transform };
 	}
 
 	VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
-
-	return glm::mat4 { 1.0f };
+	return {};
 }
 
+glm::vec3 CameraSystem::translate()
+{
+	auto view = m_registry->view<TransformComponent, CameraComponent>();
+
+	for (auto [entity, transform, camera] : view.each()) {
+		return transform.translate;
+	}
+
+	VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
+	return {};
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------
+
 void CameraSystem::updateOrthographic(TransformComponent& transform, CameraComponent& camera)
 {
 	// Update camera matrix